Learn How Many Total Electoral Votes There Are

In the United States, the president and vice president are elected by the Electoral College rather than the popular vote of the people—and, as of April 2018, there are a total of 538 electoral votes. This system of indirect democracy was chosen by the  Founding Fathers  as a compromise between allowing Congress to elect a president and giving potentially uninformed citizens a direct vote.   The history of how that number of electoral votes came to be and the number needed to elect a president is an interesting story. Electoral Votes Background Former U.S. Treasury Secretary  Alexander Hamilton  wrote in Federalist (Paper) No. 68: Nothing was more to be desired than that every practicable obstacle should be opposed to cabal, intrigue, and corruption.  The Federalist Papers, authored by Hamilton,  James Madison, and John Jay, represented an attempt to convince the  states to ratify the Constitution. The framers of the Constitution, and many in leadership positions in the 1780s, feared the influence of the  unwashed  mob. They feared that, if allowed to directly elect the president, the general populace might foolishly vote for an unqualified president or even a despot—or the  masses might be unduly  influenced by foreign governments  when voting for a president. In essence, the Founding Fathers felt the masses could not be trusted. Hence, they created the Electoral College, where citizens of each state would vote for a slate of electors, who theoretically were pledged to then vote for a specific candidate. But, if circumstances warranted, the electors could be free to vote for a candidate other than the one to whom they were pledged. The Electoral College Today Today, each citizens vote indicates which electors he would like to have represent  him during the Electoral College process. Each presidential ticket has a group of designated electors ready to respond should their party win the popular vote of the people during a presidential election, which occurs every four years in November. The number of electoral votes is derived by adding the number of senators (100), the number of members in the House of Representatives (435), and three additional votes for the District of Columbia. (The District of Columbia was awarded three electoral votes with the passage of the 23rd Amendment in 1961.) The total number of electors, then, adds up to 538 total votes. To win the presidency, a candidate needs more than 50 percent of the electoral votes. Half of 538 is 269. Therefore, a candidate needs 270 Electoral College votes to win. More About the Electoral College The total number of electoral votes does not vary from year to year because the number of members of the House of Representatives and the Senate does not change. Instead, every 10  years with the new census, the number of electors shifts from states that have lost population to states that have gained population. Though the number of electoral votes is fixed at 538, there are circumstances that can arise requiring special attention. There is a constitutional process that goes into effect in case of a  tie in the Electoral College.Most states use a winner-takes-all method, where the candidate who wins the states popular vote is awarded the states entire slate of electors. As of April 2018, Maine and Nebraska are the only states that do not use a winner-takes-all system.Because of the way electors are apportioned, the presidential candidate with the most votes by the citizenry does not always win the election and become president. This was the case with  Hillary Clinton, who  won the popular vote by nearly 3 million ballots  in the 2016 presidential election, but  Donald Trump  became president because he  received 290 out of 538 electoral votes, 20 more than the 270 electoral votes he needed to win.

My Personal Choice Assignment - 907 Words

Personal Choice Assignment For my personal choice assignment, I decided to interview two parents and one person who was diagnosed with a learning disability while he was in school. I wanted to get some insight on what it’s like as a parent and as a student to have to deal with learning disabilities. I asked similar questions to the student and parents and they are as followed: The student is a 24 year old college student who was diagnosed with a math learning disability while he was in elementary school. Question 1: What is your learning disability and how were you diagnosed? Student: When I was in fourth grade I struggled with math really bad. I was held back that year and the next year I was tested for a learning disability. From those†¦show more content†¦Parent #1: My son was diagnosed with bipolar, ADHD, dysgraphia, depression, and oppositional disorder when he was in elementary school. Question 2: What does your child struggle with the most? Parent #1: He struggled the most with focusing in class and not arguing with the teacher. Question 3: When you were told your child had a learning disability, what were your thoughts and was it difficult to accept? Parent #1: When I was informed about all the disabilities that he was diagnosed with, I felt I had done something wrong to cause them. Question 4: What do you think your child’s teacher could have done to help him be more successful in the classroom? Parent #1: They could have given him a chance to cool down instead of confronting and arguing with him. Also he could have used a quiet place separate from the others to work. Question 5: What advice would you give another parent who just found out their child has a learning disability? Parent #1: If you don’t agree with the teacher or principal, make them explain. If you are having trouble getting through to the child change the way you react to their troubles. If your student is having trouble allow them to go talk to someone - a friend, teacher or counselor, anyone that can help them calm down. Talk and be open with teacher about how to deal with your child, that way you can both figure out what works and doesn’t work. Parent #2 has a son that will be starting 3rd grade this upcoming school year.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Choice And Freedom In The Giver By Lois Lowry861 Words   |  4 Pagesat living in freedom. I do not believe personal choice and freedom should be eliminated as in â€Å"The Giver† even if it means I cannot live in Utopia with my family and friends. In â€Å"The Giver† the Utopian society is established based on no personal freedom or choice. For example one rule of the community is that all children at the age of 12 are given assignments of what job they will have for their lives by the elders. This rule restricts freedom and choice by not giving people the right to exploreRead MorePersonal Ethics Statement680 Words   |  3 Pagesplanning. You forget to mark your calendar and miss the meeting. The group posts a summary of the meeting with assignments and deadlines for the project. You apologize to the group and agree to complete the topic research for the project. You realize you have a paper due in another course on the same day your research is due and concentrate most of your time on your individual assignment. The paper takes longer than you thought, and you are unable to conduct research for the group project by the deadlineRead MorePortfolio1458 Words   |  6 PagesPortfolio Assignment SUS1501 – Sustainability and Greed Student Name: Shitlhangu Mercy Tsakani Student Number: 40525007 Date: 2014.05.06 Teaching Assistant Name: S GEORGE Declaration: By submitting this portfolio, I implicitly declare that this is my own work except for the â€Å"Introduction† which was kindly written for me by my lecturer. Introduction My aim in compiling this portfolio was to reflect on the things that have struck me throughout this crazy module. My startingRead MoreChapter 3 : An Purpose For Reading1324 Words   |  6 Pagesof most helpful chapters, it was achieving your purpose for reading. Chapter 3 helped me get involve with my readings by annotating the text and developing questions within the text while I am actively engaging with my studies. Also, this chapter showed me different note taking styles which are mind mapping, outline, SQ3R, and Cornell notes. I can make a mixture of these note taking styles to my preference. Chapter 7 is another useful resource, this chapter discuss thinking clearly and communicatingRead MoreMy Note On My Sequence Pattern876 Words   |  4 PagesSequence: I use my Sequence Pattern in all aspects of my life. I am a person that loves to have all go as planned without any hiccups. I must know all I need to do, whether working on a personal or professional project in order to feel confident in what I am doing. I can be hard to work with due to this pattern when things do not go my way or how I have envisioned it, as it makes me annoyed instantly. Precision: Precision is a big one for me. I will overthink and research beyond what is necessaryRead MoreAcademic Ethics And Academic Integrity Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagesregardless of the situation, in a professional and ethical manner at all times. Professional integrity requires each person to give others credit for their work, treat others with respect, perform all job functions, not use business resources for personal use without authorization, and maintain confidentiality (University of Maryland, 2009). Maintaining professional integrity is critical for the organization to maintain an honest reputation and be successful. Kaplan University defines plagiarismRead MorePersonal Responsibility Paper1419 Words   |  6 PagesStatement Every day choices or decisions are made from experiences taught or from experiences learned. The only choices to be responsible for are the ones that are considered honorable or right. Also bad decisions are made but people do not want to be accountable for them. In life the choices made will guide the way people live whether responsible or irresponsible. Only be responsible for personal decisions. Outline I. Overview II. Choices we make A. work B. To goRead MoreIncorporating Personal Responsibility in the College Experience743 Words   |  3 PagesPERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY ESSAY Success in college requires one to identify key aspects of personal responsibility, understand the relationship between personal responsibility and college success, and establish a specific plan to follow that will ensure he or she incorporates the various elements of personal responsibility in every facet of his or her college experience. The notion of personal responsibility has been embedded in our culture and as we enter into adulthood we must learn to become personallyRead MoreGen 200 Personal Responsibility Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Responsibility and College Success Charles Roberts Jr. Gen/200 May 3, 2013 Ms. LaTaunya Howard Personal Responsibility and College Success Personal responsibility requires one to accept that every action, thought, decision, victory, and defeat in life ultimately is reliant upon and impacts them directly. When an individual accepts personal responsibility to be a college student, they are making a commitment to themself and taking ownership of their goals and ambitionsRead MorePersonal Responsibility1214 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Responsibility Alexandria Hopson GEN/200 November 18, 2013 Jeremy NeVille Personal Responsibility Personal responsibility is an action or actions taken on by an individual to recognize his or her own choices and obligations, made in everyday life. Every individual has a responsibility for their own burdens; no one else can be held accountable for those actions. As college students, we have to know what is right and wrong by following moral values to allow us to form a relationship

Why Leadership Is A Fundamental Part Of Organizational...

Great leaders have the ability to mold our minds, bodies, and souls. Great leaders push us to our limits and have us coming back for more. But, Why? What draws us towards these individuals? Abraham Lincoln, Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Steven P. Jobs, what do they all have in common? Yes, they all were great leaders, but it is something more than that. It was their ability to self-sacrifice. They built trust from their moral beliefs and actions. They understood and foster an environment that supported leadership development They transformed their followers. (Kreitner Kinicki, 2014). In this paper, I will explain why leadership is a fundamental part of organizational behavior, discuss what leadership theory I align with and why, and explain why my leadership theory is effective within my organization. â€Å"Organizational behavior...is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work† (Kreitner Kinick i, 2014 p.6). The study of organizational behavior and leadership goes hand in hand. Great leaders are: innovators, trustworthy, and inspirational to others. This results in employees who are willing to bring their own ideas and suggestions to the table. This creates confidence for the employees and establishes confidence in the organization. Employees are willing to work harder and give more because they know someones in their corner. Leaders are always looking at the bigger picture and how theirShow MoreRelatedMusic Games International ( Mgi )1692 Words   |  7 Pagesas a company that produced music and sound effects for websites. Three friends, Alexander (Sasha) Gimpelson, Igor Tkachenko, and Roman Yakub were the founders of the company. Roman and Igor, professional musicians and composers, formed the creative part of the group, while Sasha, a graduate from Harvard Business School, ran the business operations of the company (Polzer, Vargas, Elfenbein, 2003). After the launc h of the company, the future seemed very promising. However, after the Internet bubbleRead MoreLeadership Is A Fundamental Part Of Organizational Behavior1107 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction There are many ways that one can define leadership. It can be defined as a way a person influences people or an organization in order to reach to a common goal (Kreitner and Kinicki, 2013). There are many approaches that one can use in order to lead an organization or a crowd. A leader could use a trait approach which suggests that some people were born to lead, authoritative approach which suggests that leaders are experts in their field of work and in return lead their organizationRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Leadership : An Organization906 Words   |  4 PagesFavian Ramirez MGT 105 Professor Call Organizational Culture and Leadership Organizational culture and leadership both affect every day working lives, even if you notice it or not. There is no single definition for organizational culture but the concept consists of socially developed rules of conduct that are shared by members of an organization. Some researchers believe that many traits of an organization’s culture are so vague and general that even the members of the organization cannot accuratelyRead MoreMgmt591 Project Proposal1336 Words   |  6 PagesHow can Perceptions and Attributions Of Certain Roles in the Organization Be Controlled Within Organizational Change? Christine Freese 4020 Derby Drive, Cumming, GA 30040 cfreese@ariba.com 770-402-6287 MGMT591- Leadership and Organizational Behavior Joseph  Walkowicz September 29, 2013 * Introduction a) The organization discussed in this research paper is Ariba, Inc (an SAP Company). Ariba is a software and information technology services company located in Sunnyvale, CaliforniaRead MoreThe Role Of Conflict And Conflict Management1342 Words   |  6 Pagesthough group behavior and how groups function affect organizations at their core so strategies have to be developed and implemented for entities to work, Major concepts in leaders and leadership are communication, competition, and conflict. Because of the direct emphasis that competition brings and why communication is the key factor of the solution, . The effects of conflict and conflict management in organizations and the value of highly skilled organizational leader and their leadership capabilitiesRead MoreLeadership And Culture Of The Field Of Organizational Leadership1058 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Culture Ethical Leadership According to research theories in the field of organizational leadership, â€Å"powerful leaders can have substantial impact on the lives of followers and the fate of an organization† (Yukl, 2006, p.340). Nevertheless, Heifetz (1994) points out, â€Å"there is no ethically neutral ground for theories of leadership, because they always involve values and implicit assumptions about proper forms of influence. The complexity of issues surrounding ethical and unethicalRead MoreSituational Leadership Theory And Organizational Leadership1422 Words   |  6 PagesSituational Leadership Theory and Organizational Leadership Dwight D. Eisenhower said, â€Å"Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it.† Leadership is the art of directing others in the pursuit of reaching a common goal or desired outcome. At the most essential level, a leader is a person who inspires, encourages and directs others toward fixed goals. Great leaders are able to motivate their team through the coaching, establishment, and settingRead MoreOrganizational Change And Development Of Management1593 Words   |  7 Pages Organizational Change and Development in Management Teresa Sjostrom When Leadership Predestines Failure: The Story of Blue Cloud Development Introduction The CEO of Blue Cloud Development, Shel Skinner, is troubled by the performance of his organization and seeks alternatives to the current methods of operation that may help to improve the cycle time for the release of new software products. Locating a new methodology that he believes will reduce the cycle timeRead MoreHow Leaders Can Influence The Organization941 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction in the recent years, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the fundamental role of leadership in the organizations and in what extent leaders can influence the organizations. Regardless, the types of the organizations, leaders are playing significant important part in designing the organizations’ orientation and carrying out for the organization the changes needed in order to achieve agreed common targets and enhance the employee’s performance. within organizations’Read MoreOrganizational Change And Development Has A Large Impact On The Success Of An Organization1484 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational change and development has a large impact on the success of an organization. â€Å"As modern organizations pursue changes to enhance their competitive positions and their survivability in competitive markets, the successful implementation of organizational change has become an important management task† (Chou, 2014, p. 49). The success of a change initiative in an organization is affected by several variables, however, there are three that might be considered paramount; communication, leadership

Catcher in the Rye, Macbeth and Death of a Salesman...

In literature, characters often confront challenges and due to their misconceptions of reality these challenges become complicated by external factors, which ultimately lead to tragic results. Willy, from the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, Holden, from the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, and Macbeth, from the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, live with false perceptions of life and struggle through lifes challenges. Willy struggles with the challenges of his life by lying, causing him to suffer because of how he defines success. Holden is upset with the world and tries to become a savior to future generations. While Macbeths ambitions dominates his life resulting in an inflated ego transforming him from an†¦show more content†¦Willy is only a failure because of how he defines success, He had the wrong dreams. All, All, wrong (page 138). Willy put forth an unattainable goal of success and when it fails, he put his aspirations in Biffs hands, who like Willy, cannot win and ultimately they fail each other. Unfortunately for Willy, the people in his life let him down as he did to them Holden, like Willy, does not find what he needs in the people around him. The adults in Holden life are phonies who fail him. Like many confused teenagers, Holden looks up to his parents, but they let him down. Devastated by their son Allies death, Holdens parents suppress their pain by smoking and drinking. Holden cannot talk to his parents, so he turns to Carl Luce, his old school advisor. Holden is confused and he bothers Carl with many sex questions, which aggravates Carl. Carl Luce leaves Holden because Holden behaves childishly. Holden then turns to his old teacher, Mr.Antolini. Holden can talk to Mr.Antolini; he tells Mr.Antolini what is going on with him. But like most people in Holdens life, Mr.Antolini disappoints him; Holden believes that Mr.Antolini tries to make a sexual advance on him. Although it is not a sexual advance, Holden thi nks it is and feels more alone than ever. Now Holden cannot trust any adult in his life. Holdens disgust with adults depresses him because when heShow MoreRelatedEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesBarthes’ Observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. Alias Grace Middlemarch All the King’s Men Moby-Dick Candide Obasan Death of a Salesman Oedipus Rex Doctor Faustus

Management Theories - 4938 Words

Basic management models and theories associated with motivation and leadership and be able to apply them to practical situations and problems Management and Change: Basic management models and theories associated with motivation and leadership This section covers :  · Classical Management Theory[-0]  · Human Relations Theory[-1]  · Neo-Human Relations Theory[-2]  · System Theory[-3] Classical Management Theory Here we focus on three well-known early writers on management: Henri Fayol[-4] FW Taylor[-5] Max Weber[-6] Definition of management: Management takes place within a structured organisational setting with prescribed roles. It is directed towards the achievement of aims and objectives through influencing the efforts of others.†¦show more content†¦This was a rigid system where every task became discrete and specialized. It is fair to suggest that this is unlikely to be of value to the NHS with the Modernisation agenda suggesting that we should have a flexible workforce. Key points about Taylor, who is credited with what we now call Taylorism:  · he was in the scientific management school  · his emphases were on efficiency and productivity  · but he ignored many of the human aspects of employment For the managers, scientific management required them to:  · develop a science for each operation to replace opinion and rule of thumb  · determine accurately from the science the correct time and methods for each job (time and motion studies)  · set up a suitable organisation to take all responsibility from the workers except that of the actual job performance  · select and train the workers (in the manner described above)  · accept that management itself be governed by the science deployed for each operation and surrender its arbitrary powers over the workers, i.e. cooperate with them. For the workers, scientific management required them to:  · stop worrying about the divisions of the fruits of production between wages and profits.  · share in the prosperity of the firm by working in the correct way and receiving wage increases.  · give up their idea of time wasting and co-operate with the management in developing the science  · accept thatShow MoreRelatedTerror Management Theory1289 Words   |  6 Pagesboth humans and animals, the understanding of one’s own mortality is uniquely human. How do we, as humans, deal with the terror that is associated with this knowledge? According to Terror Management Theory (TMT), developed by Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Tom Pyszczynski (1989), the need for â€Å"terror management† is a fundamental function possessed by humans and cultural systems. Based on the writings of anthropologist Ernest Becker and inspired by Freud’s work on how death provokes belief in mysticalRead MoreManagement Theory And Management Theories1254 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of developing the management theories is to bring out better ways to manage people. According to Aguinaldo Powell (2002), management theory evolves con-stantly with the continuous stream of new ideas that come from the attempts to transform theory into practice, and vice versa. As essen tial personnel identify promising methods that assist in managing responsibilities, it will lead to management theories progressing. This paper will il-lustrate how management theories have emerged over theRead MoreManagement Theory And Management Theories1272 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of developing the management theories is to bring out better ways to manage people. According to Aguinaldo Powell (2002), management theory evolves con-stantly with the continuous stream of new ideas that come from the attempts to transform theory into practice, and vice versa. As essential personnel identify promising methods that assist in managing responsibilities, it will lead to management theories progressing. This paper will il-lustrate how management theories have emerged over theRead MoreManagement Theories And Management Theory1003 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Theories Management theory can be used in many organizations when starting out a business. It addresses how managers and leaders relate to their organization in the knowledge of their goals. It implements on how to set the goals and motivate their employees to perform in a high standard. Management theory consist of three important aspects operation strategy, innovation management and process management. Operation Strategy is to maximize the effectiveness of the whole production, butRead MoreManagement Theories Of Management Theory2222 Words   |  9 PagesManagement Theories Evolution Management practice cannot exist without the support of a theory. The complex character of management as the scholarly discipline, the variety of opinions concerning the essence and content of management theory, require systematizing knowledge about this phenomenon. Management theory is a relatively new science since its systematic development and academic research has started mostly in the 20th century. 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In the eighteenth century, managers relied on power and setting strict

Dividend Payout and Profitability of a Public-Listed Company

Question: Describe about the Dividend Payout and Profitability of a Public-Listed Company. Answer: Introduction To find out if there exists any relationship and the extent of the relationship between dividend payout and profitability of Woolworth supermarkets, Coles and Aldi Profitability is key to long term success of a company or organization. Therefore, it is imperative to find out the other factors that will affect the profitability of Woolworths so as to make informed judgement about any future investments in the company. According to (Woolworths Online, 2016), Woolworths supermarket is a subgroup of the Woolworths limited and was founded in December 1924 and is found in 961 locations and account to more than 80% of the Australian market with fellow giant Coles. Their strong dominance makes the Australian market look almost near perfect duopoly. The three of them, Woolworths, Aldi and Coles hold the largest market share in Australia. The independent variable is dividend payout while the dependent variable is the profitability of the company. Literature review According to (McLaney and Atrill, 2012), a study between the relationship between the dividend and profitability was already carried out. In this research, we will narrow down to find if this relationship exits for public-listed companies like Woolworth, Coles and Aldi in Australia. The study, therefore, narrows down to the companies that are all located in Australia. Methods According to (Financeformulas.net, 2016), dividend can be described as the amount of money which will be paid by a company regularly and mostly quarterly and is drawn from the profits made by the company in that period. Therefore, dividend payout ratio is said to be the amount of the dividends, as described above, that will be paid to the shareholders of a company and which is dependent to the total bet income that a company earns in a given time period. Not all the profits are paid out to the shareholders and the amount that is retained by the company is used for development and growth purposes by the organization. This amount that is held back by the company for such purposes is called the retained profits of a company. According to (My Accounting Course, 2016), profitability of a company can be defined as being capability of an organization to utilize all the resources at its disposal so as to earn profits from its operations and this often forms on of the four pillars that are commonly used in the analysis of the statements of finance as well as the general performance of an organization. Other than profitability, other pillars that will be often used in this analysis include; solvency, the prospects of the potential market as well as the efficiency. These are the factors that anyone linked to the business may it be as an investors, client, creditors or even managers will attempt to use in their forecasts about the future and the effects these could have if carried out well. Two things that affect profitability include revenues, which is the income made by the business and his includes the sales of goods as well as the provision of services and expenses which is the general expenditure by the busi ness. According to (Reference, 2016), a pubic listed company is the direct opposite of the private business and is owned by stakeholders who can buy themselves the shares of the company or dispose of them from the stock exchange market or the open over-the counter market. The formula for the dividend payout ratio is given by; Dividend payout ratio = Total Dividends / Total Net income Another method of obtaining the dividend payout ratio is; Dividend payout ratio = 1- Retention The total net income as given in the formula above can be calculated from the companys books of accounts and specifically the income statement. This formulae will be used when there are considerations to be done in order to determine whether it would be profitable to make any investments in the public-listed company whose shares can be bought in the stock market. This formula will take into account both the dividends and also the high potential growth rates. As such, this formulas will makes assumptions on the steady income as well as the rate of reinvestment with future possible earnings in mind, given that the chosen company posts a net income. It is worth noting that the ratio of retention and also the ration of the dividend payout should sum up to 1 or 100 percent of the total net income posted by the company. The assumption made in these calculations is that whatever amount that is not paid out to the shareholders as profit revenue is recycled by the company as funding for future business activity expansion. There also exists the possibility that a company could post a net income but still have its dividend payout ratio as 0%. In such cases, it would mean that the company had decided to reinvest all the cash that that been found from the net income into future investment opportunities. The sampling technique applied is the simple random sampling. Sampling is a techniques in which statistical data from a large data set is picked at random and is often predetermined (Investopedia, 2016). Data from different reliable sources is collected by way of observation. Results and Discussion There exists relationships between the dividend payout ratio and the profitability of a company. According to the results obtained in this study, a high dividend payout ratio would translate into the company investing very little amount of cash into its possible future business options. As such, the company might be at risk for failure to diversify and may be heavily affected in case of business failure in the field that the company focusses on. It is therefore important for a company to have a healthy dividend payout ratio that ensures that the shareholders are paid for the risk they take in investing in the business but also it gives the company enough resources to face any hard circumstances and gives it the power to change and/ or diversify its portfolio. Posting a low dividend payout ratio could be interpreted as meaning that the company is making low net incomes which means less dividends and less retained cash. In this situation it likely that the company is having a difficult time in the market or they are making normal profits but have a lot of debts and other backlogs to clear. If a company is posting dividend payout ratio of 0 despite the fact that the said company had posted a posting a total net income, it would mean that the company is so concerned about its future that is willing to sacrifice the earnings payable to a the shareholders to invest all the net income made and thus the company would have a ready arsenal if the opted to expand and/or diversify to a new market. Conclusion According to (Boundless, 2016), when taking an investors viewpoint, the most important thing is the retention of profits to ensure and this is one of the fundamental pillars on which a company is built on and whose importance cannot be undermined. A shareholders is likely to be keen on what is the capital that is given to the company releases to them as the dividend payout ratio and the amount of money that is retained by the company which is known as retained funds. The amount of money that the company pays to investors through the dividend payments as well as the indirect capital gains and the retained profits. From their viewpoint, stakeholders will want the retained profits to be used by the company to not only maximize on operations that are currently in place but also to ensure that the company is able to make the highest profits possible. Thus, retained profits will be held in the reserves of the company and their main purpose will be to aid in future earning growths and expansion. Some firms need hefty sums of startup capital objective to carry on tasks. These corporations are typically not capable to dispense remunerations, since their capitals are secured up for maintenance and repairs. These firms also offer limited development opportunities, as incomes are not invested for the purpose of development. In the meanwhile some firms can retain incomes and put it back to create more for example, spend in development opportunities. These companies are striking to investors, despite of the low dispersal of profits. Shareholders are more likely to support and invest in companies that give the higher income and that have much lower rate of capital growth and as such a company that offers low dividend payout ratio would be ideal since this would translate to lower rates of capital gains tax. Companies that have very high rates of growth in their early life will tend to have the low ratios of payout as the focus on reinvestment and diversification. In the process of maturation, the earnings that are returned to the investors will gradually increase. A relationship exists between the dividends payout and the profitability of the public listed company. There exists a link between dividends payout that are paid out to the shareholders and the long term profitability of the company. References Woolworths Online. (2016). Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Financeformulas.net. (2016). Dividend Payout Ratio. [Online] Available at: https://www.financeformulas.net/Dividend_Payout_Ratio.html [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. My Accounting Course. (2016). Profitability - Definition | Meaning | Example. [Online] Available at: https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/accounting-dictionary/profitability [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Reference. (2016). What is a publicly listed company?. [Online] Available at: https://www.reference.com/business-finance/publicly-listed-company-c0f52a5d3cd3b20 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Boundless. (2016). Relationship between Dividend Payments and the Growth Rate. [Online] Available at: https://www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/stock-valuation-7/stock-valuation-74/relationship-between-dividend-payments-and-the-growth-rate-335-6420/ [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Investopedia. (2016). Sampling. [Online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sampling.asp [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. McLaney, E. and Atrill, P. (2012). Accounting. 1st ed. Harlow: Financial Times/Prentice Hall.

In The Novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee, The Author Comment Essay Example For Students

In The Novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee, The Author Comment Essay s onlife. Specifically, Harper Lee comments on racism and true courage. Racism is the first subject that the author comments on. It is obviousfrom her writing that she feels racism is that it is wrong. This is displayed inseveral ways. The best example of racism is the trial of Tom Robinson. Tomreceived a guilty verdict even though he was innocent. The white juryconvicted him for the sole reason that he is black. Another example of racismis that fact the black children were not educated. Only the white children ofMaycomb were granted the right to go to school. Another example of racismis the way people acted at Calpurnias church. Unlike the other examples ofracism described, this is not white vs. black discrimination, but black vs. whiteracism. Lula, a member of the First Purchase Church, thought that Jem andScout should not be there because of the fact that they are white. She wasvery open about expressing this opinion. True courage is another aspect of life that Harper Lee comments on. Her comment is that true courage is when a person begins something, eventhough they are already licked. True courage is displayed by Atticus Finch. Atticus showed this by the fact that he defended a black man to the best ofhis ability, even though the majority of people in the town were against him. He defended Tom and created reasonable doubt. He put his reputation onthe line for what he believed. Mrs. Dubose, an elderly neighbor, also displayedtrue courage. She demonstrated true courage by the fact that she tried tobeat her addiction even though it meant dying in pain. As can be seen, the author comments on racism and true courage. Hercomments are that racism is wrong and true courage is beginning somethingeven though you are guaranteed a loss.