Understanding Mixed Research Methods

Understanding Mixed Research Methods our site Dissertation TopicsWhat Are Mixed Research Methods? Simply put, mixed research is the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodology, and is used in studies where there is a need for a better understanding of the problem. The main benefits of mixed methods research are as follows: Better understanding of the research problem More insight than simple quantitative methods Allows the validation of qualitative and quantitative methods Provides more information than single method research There are, however, some limitations and disadvantages of mixed method research design, as well, such as: The complexity of the research data makes it hard to interpret and analyse Takes a lot of time to plan and execute There is a greater chance that discrepancies will arise than in single method research The main differences between mono and multiple methods are presented in the below graph. The Purpose of Mixed Methods Research The main reason why most students and researchers use mixed methods is because one type of data would not be enough to provide answers to the research questions or test the hypothesis. In other cases, the secondary method is added to improve the quality of the data, or, the study might have multiple phases. Mixed methods are popular today, as many researchers are looking to investigate issues from different perspectives. If the findings of one research method are unexpected, a second method might be needed to interpret the discrepancies. The application of mixed methods is the most common in the following fields: Nursing and social care Educational research Sociology Psychology Political sciences How to Design a Mixed Resesarch Study? It is important to determine the sequence of data collection and clarify the analysis methods. First, the author will need to choose the mixed research design they would like to use in their study. There are four main mixed research design approaches used in health and social studies, education, marketing: Sequential explanatory design This method first collects and analyses quantitative data, and later validate and explain the results using qualitative research. The focus of this approach is on the quantitative research, and the qualitative study helps put the results into context. Sequential exploratory design In this approach, the first research conducted is qualitative, followed by a quantitative study that is integrated in the interpretation of the results. The focus of this study design is on quantitative data. You can use this research design to explore a phenomenon in detail or test a new theory. Concurrent triangulation In this method, qualitative and quantitative research have equal priority, and they are conducted separately. The results of the two individual data collections are discussed in the interpretation of the findings. This mixed method is most suitable for validating the results of one method with the other. Concurrent nested In this method, the author will need to choose a dominant data collection method, and nest the results of the other type of research in the interpretation phase of the study. The information is interpreted together, to provide a deeper understanding of a phenomenon. Before deciding which method to choose, it is important to plan where the point of interface between the two research methods will be: at the point of Data collection Data analysis Interpretation The Mixed Methods Research Design Mixed methods research is more complicated than either quantitative or qualitative. Therefore, you must plan your data collection, analysis, and interpretation phases carefully. Use the below flow chart to create your own design that is fit for the purpose of your study. First, develop your research questions for the qualitative and quantitative studies. Next, you will need to identify your samples and determine the sample size of both qualitative and quantitative data collection. Decide whether the sample sizes will be equal or unequal. Finally, make a plan for merging qualitative and quantitative data and interpreting them in a logical way. How to Make the Most Out of Your Mixed Research Design? You must ensure that you have a clear research strategy that describes your methodological approach and the interpretation of the results. You need to describe the different phases of research, such as exploration, triangulation, complimentarity, transformation of data, and the dissemination of the results. It is important that when you structure your mixed method research, you clarify this in the methodology section and cover the data collection and analysis methods separately for qualitative and quantitative research. Likewise, you will have to first present the findings of both research together, followed by the synthesis of findings and the results section. Develop your research questions and add sub-questions that further focus on the specific aspects of the issue you investigate using mixed methods. You need to focus on the Rationale section of your paper and effectively communicate why using the mixed research method prov ides a better understanding of the issue than single methodologies. Always justify your choice of data collection. Do not neglect theories and theses. Using a mixed methodology can help you test your hypotheses better, develop new theses, or confirm research statements or answer important questions related to the field. Just like other research designs, your study will need to include the limitations of the research, as well as the insights you gained through the study. Good mixed research studies are well developed, clear, integrate the quality standards of both qualitative and quantitative research, provide more information than standard studies, and include the discussion of ethical issues related to the mixed methodology. Get Help with Your Mixed Methods Research Design Planning your mixed research design can be overwhelming, and you might feel like you are unable to develop clear research questions that are related to both data collection and analysis methods. Merging information to gain a greater insight into problems is the main benefit of using mixed research, however, the approach is not without challenges. Talk to our site and let our professional academic writers and editors help you design your mixed methods research.

Summay: Reinventing Your Business Model

Reinventing Your Business Model By Mark Johnson, Clayton Christensen & Henning Kagermann Summary Submitted by Tiffany The article â€Å"Reinventing Your Business Model† is focused on the importance of innovating business models as a means of providing new growth and opportunities for an organization. The three authors, Johnson, Christensen and Kagermann, provide a layout to demonstrate possibilities for an organization. The first step is to understand the definition of a business model.The article explains that a business model consists of four elements that each work together to provide value. These elements include customer value proposition (CVP), which is â€Å"a way to help customers get an important job done. † Next is the profit formula which is the plan for how the company will money while provide a value to the customer. The third element, key resources, is the assets that are required in order to fulfill the customer value proposition. Lastly, key processes ar e the primary operational and managerial tasks that also assist in delivering to the customer and company. Also you can read  Business Ethics ComprisesThe authors use two business examples to illustrate the process: Tata Group’s CPV for providing safer, inexpensive transportation and Hilti’s CVP for converting from commoditization of power tools to service provider through the leasing of power tools. After explaining the business model, the authors move forward to discuss understanding when a business model is needed. Although there are opportunities when a company can disrupt competitors by producing a product that is within their current model, a business must know when it is advantageous to create a new business model.The authors state that there are five strategic circumstances that require a change: 1) An opportunity to provide value for a group that is completely shut out of a market; 2) Capitalizing on a new technology by creating a business model around it; 3) Providing a â€Å"job-to-be-done† when it doesn’t exist yet; 4) Fending off low-end disrupte rs; and 5) Responding to a shift in the basis of competition. Additionally, the authors stress that venturing into a new business model should not be taken lightly and should be pursued only when the opportunity is large enough and â€Å"game-changing† enough to warrant it.At the conclusion of the article, the authors discuss Dow Corning as an example of a company creating a completely new business model independent of their existing model. Dow Corning discovered a need for a low cost product model and ultimately established Xiameter, which is starkly different from its original model. The authors also assert the need for trial and error and a willingness to revise as keys to creating a new business model.

How important are marketing promotion strategies in the success of a Term Paper

How important are marketing promotion strategies in the success of a monopoly - Term Paper Example Monopoly can be created as a result of social or political inclination whereby consumers are influenced to prefer a particular producer or seller. This is evident where nationalism dictates what is produced and sold in the market. For instant, there are certain market economies that advocates for protectionism where consumers in that market are influenced to buy products from a particular producer or seller. This strategy often restricts other producers or sellers with intention to invest in the same market structure. In a monopoly market structure, the government often plays a greater role in selecting the producer or seller to dominate a particular market for products and services. For instance, the government often maintains monopoly in selecting firms the favor in a particular sector. In most markets, the sectors that monopoly structure is dominant include the telecommunication sector or the pharmaceutical sector (Amadeo, 2014). This paper explores how marketing promotion strateg ies are important in the success of a monopoly. Maintaining monopoly over a product means that the producer or seller has to stay ahead of other firms in terms of coming up with strategies main to retain their customer base. This is because the demands from customers or consumers are dynamic and maintain a static strategy may result to a backlash from consumers who can decide to look for other sellers or producers willing to meet their demand or reject products from a monopoly producer or seller (Freire, 2009). The drawback with a monopolistic structure is that a product or service often becomes monotonous in the market and customers may lose interest in their products if the monopolistic producer or seller is not creative enough to keep consumers enthusiastic about their products or services. As a result of globalisation and a pressure to liberalize the global market, maintaining a monopolistic market structure is becoming more difficult as similar products are

Child abuse and the effects that it has on their physical and Research Proposal

Child abuse and the effects that it has on their physical and psychological development - Research Proposal Example abuse is associated with numerous physical health conditions such as infectious diseases, pain, hypertension, asthma, heart disease, inflammation and generally, poor health of children. Springer, Sheridan, Kuo & Carnes (2003) add to the long-term consequences of child abuse possible post traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), chronic pain syndromes, chronic fatigue syndrome, eating disorders and irritable bowels. Aside from physical health consequences of child abuse, there are reported psychological effects as well. Anda et al (2005) discussed that the traumatic experiences of abused or neglected children often stays on with the victim into adulthood, and can even influence the raising of that victim’s own children. More often than not, abused children repeat the pattern with their own children. Some children may never fully recover from the trauma, resulting in lifelong depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. Other individuals may be predisposed to engage in prostitution, pornography, drug abuse, or crime (Browne & Finkelhor, 1986; Bryant & Range, 1996; Ferrara, 2002; Malinoskey-Rummell & Hansen, 1993). The long-term consequences of child maltreatment can be so devastating that it has been called "soul murder" (Shengold, 1989). These alarming facts culled from both literature and anecdotal experiences of individuals who survived child abuse merit serious consideration and investigation of the devastating effects of painful experiences in childhood in a victim’s life. In doing so, interventions to help child abuse victims overcome their negative childhood experiences may be put in place in order to prevent the serious negative outcomes that can permanently mar their personality and outlook in life. It is hoped that the provision of such interventions to such victims will help them still develop a more positive outlook and give them hope that they can still be productive, contributing citizens in society despite their painful past. It will also help

Business Plan for Robert Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Business Plan for Robert - Term Paper Example The company will bear all the associated expenses of the business process rather than just passing it to the customer side and in this respect, the company will gradually have declining profit margin. Quite a favorable chance also exists in case of Robert deciding to decrease his part of the liability by increasing the per unit selling price of the chocolate consignments for increased profit in future. For instance, in the provided question multiple instances describes that the investments made by Robert on the equipment and the storage locations. As a countering part, the discussion also comprises facts depicting how Robert should increase his product selling prices by certain percentage on every quarterly basis in order to recover the additional amount of US$ 16,000, which he has initially invested on the machineries and on processes such as website designing and marketing research. Considerable facts regarding how Robert should expands his market and bring about segmentation withi n customers are also taken under consideration with the aim of enhancing business performances. Additionally, the report also signifies the necessity of an effective ‘supply chain management’, which needs to be attained by Robert to provide better quality of product delivery services to the customers. In addition, the supply chain management will also enhance the product procurement process. The idea regarding these aspects has been provided in such a manner that customers satisfied with the services will gradually bring about more demands for the products offered by the business conducted by Robert. In this context, it can easily expand his market along with periodically increase the product selling prices as well. Robert has been conducting business for many years in New York.

CRIMINAL LAW COURSEWORK Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CRIMINAL LAW - Coursework Example In the UK, Discrimination Act of 1975 was altered to launch sexual irritation as a type of discrimination in 1986. It mentioned guidelines that if a boss treats someone less favourably on the ground that the defendants have refused and put forward any kind of harassment such as hostile, rape, humiliating and violating a person’s dignity in workplace among others, it would be judged as harassment. As in this case, the Sexual Offences Act, 2003 (SOA) and Sexual offences Act of 1956 are applicable. The Sexual Offence Act of 2003 sets offences for prosecution of proving absence at consent of sec. 1-4. The aforementioned offences are related to a person involved in a sexual activity. Sexual Violence in England often goes unreported by female and male victims. Amnesty International conducted a research, which found that 1/3rd of the public believe that a woman is answerable for being raped if she has behaved in an enticing way. Chances for having parallel mind-set also exist relatin g to what a woman was wearing at the time of harassment, quantity of alcohol that had been consumed and whether or not a woman had said no to the man. Prior to enactment of SOA, there was no as such statutory meaning of consent. Sec. 74 of this act states that a person contents to sexual activity, if he/she agrees to it as an option and holds the liberty and ability to make that choiceii. As per the case, Sec 75 and Sec 76 of SOA will be applicable on the boss, as the petitioner indicted the defendant of having non-consensual sex with the woman after an evening of intense alcoholic drinks. The boss when found guilty for the crime is liable for imprisonment, unless subsection 4 applies, which states that if a person is caught blameworthy under Sec 75 and Sec 76, then he/she will be prone to imprisonment for a period of maximum 6 months or a fine that does not surpass the statutory maximum

Ethics in the Engineering Profession Assignment

Ethics in the Engineering Profession - Assignment Example Thereafter, the consequences of the choices and decisions made in the situation are reviewed, and finally an analysis of the impact the code of ethics on the conduct of engineering professionals is discussed. A facility was needed to store water in a reservoir. The water to be stored was to be drawn from the reservoir by a separate system. The required system was expected to manage the level of water in the storage reservoir. The engineers in the situation used digital signals in which the PLC had two digital inputs, that is, empty reservoir and full reservoir. The digital output of the PLC is used to open and lock the inlet into the reservoir. When the two switches are off, the PLC opens the valve to let in more water. In the event that both switches are on, the PLC by design shuts the inlet to prevent overflow. Float switches were used to avert a situation in which any use of water opens the valve or activates, and subsequently deactivates the pump for a stint, making the system wear down quickly. The analog approach may use water and a valve, which can be adjusted. As for the PLC, a PID reaction loop could be used to regulate the opening of the valve. The engineers tasked with this duty were not getting on well and hence had challenges in communicating to one another; therefore, their ultimate goal lacked objectivity. The system they designed did not optimize the refill rates because one engineer failed to advise the counterpart that using both options of analog and digital system would be the best option to the problem. They ended up using the digital system. The two engineering professionals failed to effectively communicate; hence, performed the activity with dishonesty and without objectivity. The solution they offered the client will cause economic loss since the refill rates were not optimized even though it was possible for the two to ensure it happened. Clearly, the engineering code of ethics three was violated as objectivity and

Website Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Website Design - Essay Example Contracting web designing companies would probably become less involving but the costs could reach up to $40000. Hiring individuals remains a more affordable method to the company than utilizing contract companies. The website shall be created in the form of a business website as the company seeks to utilize the website for marketing products. A business website type could enable the company to undertake Internet marketing and receiving feedback from clients. The company could also utilize this website in giving information to visitors concerning the company. This would include the professional functions of the company and the company contacts which prospective clients could utilize when contacting company representatives. Conformity to the existing web designing standards remains essential in ensuring the website remains usable and easily accessible. DOCTYPE declaration shall be made to enable validation of the website via W3C which shall identify errors of conformity to existing standards. Website and networking requirements There are various elements of consideration that shall be included when deciding the website to be utilized. The costs for web-designing could be estimated at $7000. These shall include wages of the web-designers and the other individuals assisting within the preparation of the website. ... expenses like SEO, account set-up fee, and other miscellaneous expenses, the total cost of developing the website could be $21000, which remains an estimated figure with little variations expected (Schiffer, 2011). The networking shall include utilization of network adapters each costing $28 and wired network cameras costing $120 per unit. In enhancing network connectivity local area network adapter shall be installed in all computers within office premises with each adapter costing $25. Physical connection shall require the purchasing of about 5000 ft of Belden Media Twist bulk cable at $200 per 1000 ft. The cost of these cables would, therefore, be estimated at $1000. Search engine optimizers for the company website shall become part of the Internet marketing campaign undertaken by the company (Graham, 2003). The costs for these optimization services could be estimated at $700 monthly, with the costs expected to increase later. The company shall utilize animation applications on th e website aimed at attracting individuals visiting other websites. This technique should assist in providing notifications to individuals concerning the company presence online. Computers and other equipment The company shall utilize desktop computers in each company office estimated to cost about $750 per single computer. Several individuals shall be given laptops with an estimated value of $800 per unit. The salesmen shall be offered laptops to enable the access to company website and upload sales information from various locations. The company shall be using JavaScript application for accessing the website. This application shall enable the website to be viewed by many individuals, as this application remains compatible with various models of computers. This application requires little

Resolving Leadership Problems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Resolving Leadership Problems - Assignment Example nal and as the result, many organizations around the world are now facing the complex problem of creating and acquiring leaders to take the most difficult decisions and ensure success of their organizations. For this report, the paper will consider case study of ABC organization that has been able to ensure its survival in the corporate world. ABC was one of the manufacturing firms until 2012; however, in June 2013, the company’s CEO resigned away, and since then, there has been a gap in terms of leadership in the company. The owners tried bringing in new CEO in the company but it is not working the way it used to be during the time of previous CEO. The employees are suddenly unhappy about their work and there have been issues regarding decision-making in the firm. Now the owners have decided to resolve this issue by June 2014 and for that, they desire the following state of the company: Analysis of company’s records has indicated that the ABC Company was making US$4 million on quarterly basis until 2012; however, since after quarter of January to March 2013, the company has been making only US$2 million on average. Owners of the company desire to bring back company sales to at least US$3.5 million by September 2014. In addition, there have been various conflicts regarding decision-making and owners would like to see satisfied employees in the company that will ensure long-term success of the company. In order to resolve any complex problem whether it be a problem related to resolving leadership problems or a problem related to reforming education, it is very imperative that change agents ensure consensus (Kaufman, Oakley-Browne, Watkins, & Leigh, 2003) at the time of problem identification, as well as at the time of deciding its solution. Unfortunately, sometimes, change agents try to employ their tested solutions at an organization without understanding differences in context and without acquiring consensus of the stakeholders and that result in chaos and

Conservation of momentum Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conservation of momentum - Lab Report Example During the experiment one should ensure that at least three readings for a particular step are taken then an average of the reading obtained so as to minimize the errors of parallax. The experiment needs to be done at least twice to confirm the recorded values and minimize the errors. The stop watch and all the apparatus used for the experiment needs to be observed before the beggining of the experiment to ascertain their efficiency. The experiment could also be done in an area with vacuum conditions in order to minimize the interferences in obtaining the readings due to air resistance. The two values for V obtain in part 1 and part 2 are not as close as they are expected. This is so due to the errors during the experiment. Without errors, the two values of velocity should be the same. Reanalyzation of the tale values using the largest h fails to make any significant change in the final results of v (Susan 10). The fact is that the two values fail to be as close as they are expected to be. However repeating the entire experiment while avoiding the experimental errors may give out values that are close to the theoretical

Southwest Airlines Essay Example for Free

Southwest Airlines Essay Southwest Airlines (SA) was founded in 1971 after a careful market analysis. Its founders believed in a low cost strategy. Through the Wright Amendment, which not only prohibited any air carrier from offering direct service into Love Field from any place beyond Texas and the four contiguous states of Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, and New Mexico, but also made more difficult the life of passengers coming from outside theses states and forbid the advertising to flights coming from Love Field, the competition made SA adopt a differentiation strategy. Which factors became crucial to the success of this company since its beginning? SA chose airports that were underutilized but were close to metropolitan areas. There was a main reason for the Aircraft choice, and its entire fleet of Boeing 737’s. It was a fuel-efficient fleet, and standardized, making the maintenance easier. Low cost fares, frequent and on-time flights, 15-minute gate turnarounds, high aircraft use and point-to-point routes gave them great advantage over their direct competitors (Continental Airlines, American or United Airlines). SA also chose to fly to secondary airports and not to have connections with other airline companies. With the increasing success of SA, its competitors started to try to replicate SA’s strategy. But the cost structure was not what gave SA the main competitive advantage in the market. The most important attribute was the human capital and the work environment where workers performed their tasks. SA’s Human Resources Department, called â€Å"The People Department†, had a huge impact on employees and on their way of working. â€Å"Employees are the Customer† of the Department. The following statement explains what the company’s philosophy was: â€Å"By recognizing that our people are the competitive advantage, we deliver resources and services to prepare our people to be winners, to support the growth and profitability of the company, while preserving the values and special culture of SA†. To provide work quality, employees had to be satisfied and happy with their jobs. Thus, the image and attitude that the crew showed to passengers would be welcomed. They would be more attentive to the passengers’ needs and consequently increasing their confidence to continue to choose SA as their preferred airline. Consequently, the corporation recorded a low number of complaints showing its notable performance. All employees were aware of their importance within the company to achieve the main objective, which was customer orientation/satisfaction. But they had other functions inside the company. Employees were also called for decision-making process, for the recruitment process, to give opinions about SA’s strategy. As such, not everyone entered SA’s workforce. After a long and complex process of selection and interviews, those chosen had the characteristics that would fit SA’s culture better. Once inside the company, they turned into company’s real assets, they became part of SA family. It was the main objective for each employee to make SA a successful company over time. Once SAs success was achieved rapidly, the major competitors implemented the same strategy, adapting it to their business environment. However, they noticed that they did not achieve the outlined goals. The most obvious explanation was the existence of cultural differences within each company. Their employees, the way they were organized and the vision that each one had was also different. Here SA had full advantage. It was not only the first move advantage in its strategy but also the fact that its employees found themselves working on and to their family. As I believe the main competitive advantage of SA relies on its unique organizational competence, I do not consider any of the above reasons a serious competitive threat for SA. However, SA should not rely on past successes and ignore its competitors. SA should always be looking back to its history and business lessons in order to remain an industry leader through supporting its culture and maintaining the focus on the people, even when and after Kelleher leaves the company.

History of Societal Acceptance for Homosexuality

History of Societal Acceptance for Homosexuality There are obvious outgrowing numbers of gays and lesbians communities in our country and all over the world. People become increasingly engaged into homosexual affiliations. Many variables influence the emergence of sexuality in all young people. These variables are changes in biological processes, relationships and community interactions. The level of acceptance between gays and lesbians has changed over the years. The researchers would like to determine the level of acceptance of the society between gays and lesbians. This study was conducted with the purpose of analyzing the factors that lead to the acceptance of society between gays and lesbians. This study identified the variables and factors influencing and may affect the societys level of acceptance between gays and lesbians. Statement of the Problem The study aimed to determine the factors that lead to the acceptance of the society between gays and lesbians. Specifically, it sought to determine the following: What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: age sex civil status religion educational attainment What are the attitudes and behaviours of gays and lesbians which contributes to the level of acceptance of the society? What are the factors that influence the emergence of being homosexual individual? What are the challenges faced by lesbians and gays on the acceptance of the society? How the respondents are reacting to communities of gays and lesbians? Significance of the Study The study has significance to gays and lesbians, as they will be aware of the level of acceptance of the society to them and the factors that contribute to the willingness of the society towards them. To the parents, that they will be aware of the condition of their children, as the findings were presented to them, they will be encouraged to improve their views and beliefs regarding homosexuality. To the society, that they will be aware of the happenings to the homosexual based on their opinions, beliefs, and views, as they give it in relation to their acceptance and may find ways to improve the level of acceptance between gays and lesbians. Scope, Delimitations Limitations of the Study The respondents of this study include 25 lesbians, 25 gays, 25 parents of either lesbian or gay, and 25 individuals who have gay/ lesbian friends. They will be asked regarding attitudes and behaviours of homosexuals which contribute to their level of acceptance in the society. They will be given chances to give their opinions, views and beliefs regarding homosexuality. Definition of Terms The terms included in the research paper will be defined to facilitate understanding of the study. Lesbian. Homosexual woman; the condition in which a woman is sexually attracted to, or engages in sexual behaviour with another woman. Gay. Homosexual man; the condition in which man is sexually attracted to, or engages in sexual behaviour with another man. Homosexuality. The condition of being sexually attracted, covertly, or overtly, by members of ones own sex. Society. Organized and interdependent community. Morality. Degree of conformity to moral principles. Acceptance. Willingness to accept. CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter includes discussion on related literature and studies both foreign and local, which provides relevant facts about the societys level of acceptance between gays and lesbians. It also aims to determine the level of acceptance from past to present. Foreign Studies On the study conducted by the researchers at the Kaiser Family Foundation entitled Inside- out : A report on the Experiences of Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals in America and the Publics Views on Issues and Advices Related to Sexual Orientation. The are two national public opinion surveys: one, to gather information on the experiences of seslf-identified lesbians, gays and bisexuals: and the second to gauge the general publics attitudes towards this group and their views on key policy issues related to sexual orientation. They did it to determine where the public really stands. Researchers found out that large majority of self-identified lesbians, gays, and bisexuals believe that there is more acceptance today compared to a few years ago. One third from their respondents say that their family or a family member has refused to accept them. According to the research, lesbians are more likely to report not having been accepted by their families. It was found out that majority of the general public reports knowing someone who is gay, lesbian or bisexual believes that there is more acceptance of lesbians and gays today compared to a few years ago. Most say that greater acceptance is either good for the country or does not matter one way or the other. The majority also believes that homosexual behavior is a normal part of some peoples sexuality. Individuals age 65 and older those with a high school education or less and those who do not have lesbian and gay co-workers, friends or family members are least likely to have accepting attitudes towards lesbians, gays, and bisexuals. Religious affiliation also has significant effect on attitudes and level of acceptance. Overall, the public is increasing accepting gays and lesbians in the society. On the study conducted by Elizabeth Mehren entitled Homosexuals finding more Acceptance. Poll says states that gays and lesbians have experienced a dramatic rise in acceptance over the last two decades, according to a new Los Angeles Times Poll-2004. In ltwo Los Angeles Times polls in the mid- 1980s and other data from the same era, the level of sympathy toward gays and lesbians was half what it is today. Researchers found out that gay people in general are feeling more comfortable in society and society is feeling more comfortable with gay people. The study revealed that 62 percent say their community accepts gays and lesbians. Based on the survey conducted by the members of the Public Agenda Organization entitled Ambivalence and Mixed Messages, acceptance of gays and lesbians has risen significantly, and currently about half of Americans say homosexuality should be an acceptable lifestyle. Survey questions about whether American society should accept homosexuality often draw different responses depending on the examples mentioned which is an indication of public ambivalence. Questions that raise the issue of fair treatment typically draw much higher levels of public support. For instance, substantial majorities of Americans say they support equal protection for homosexuals against hate crimes and equal rights in terms of housing and jobs. surveys show that slight majorities say a gay person could be a good role model and as good a parent as anyone, yet they are divided on whether they would allow a homosexual to baby-sit their child and half say they oppose allowing gay couples to adopt. The survey conducted by the faculty staff of The University of Arizona entitled Equitys 1992 Campus Climate Report was aimed to investigate the climate for gays, lesbians, and bisexuals on campus. Majority of their sample comprised of heterosexuals. They allow their respondents to rate in the scale of 1-10 on every question. As a result, majority placed 8 to 10 range on the level of acceptance with the women expressing high level of acceptance than men. Respondents employment status had no significant impact on the acceptance scale, with no major differences surfacing among faculty, staff, and graduate students. They also asked if their religion influences their views on homosexuality; seventeen percent of the respondents marked yes. But not only religion appeared to influence people toward negative views. A series of items asked respondents to characterize the level of respect shown for gays, lesbians, and bisexuals by others in their department, specifically their immediate superv isor, co-workers, department head, and students. All in all, the responses to questions about respect levels in departments reveal that the immediate environment for gay, lesbian, and bisexual members of the University is not a particularly good one, but that department heads and supervisors show generally higher levels of respect than co-workers and students. Justin J. Jagosh, in his thesis entitled Moving toward understanding and acceptance: Parents experiences after finding out their children are gay, lesbian, and bisexual aimed to explore how the parents will accept their childs sexuality. Through qualitative inquiry, 12 Canadian parents (7 mothers and 5 fathers) were interviewed to develop an in-depth analysis of their thoughts, feelings, and actions in relation to having gay, lesbian, and bisexual children. He found out that parents went through a process of understanding and acceptance, in which they made sense of past experiences they had with their children, reacted emotionally to finding out, changed their perspectives on issues, and shared their experiences with others. There are still hindering factors but with the strategies suggested in which researchers, educators, health professionals, media personnel, parent support groups, and parents themselves can use like some mentioned above, it will not be difficult for parents to un derstand and accept their gay, lesbian, and bisexual children. Foreign studies On the book overview of Lesbian, Gay and bisexual identities and youth by Anthony R. OAngelli, Charlotte Patterson explore the psychological dimentions of lesbian, gay and bisexual identities from puberty to adulthood. There are changes in biological processes, relationship and community interactions influence the emergence of sexuality in all young people. The article, Chasing the Rainbow; Is a Gay Population an Engine of Urban Revival? Cities are beginning to think so by Richard Florida sees that openness to the gay community is a good indication of the low entry barriers to human capital that are so important to spurring creativity and generating high-tech growth. The homosexuality represents the last last frontier of diversity in our society, and thus a place that welcomes the gay community welcomes all kinds of people. Also an article in New Zealand by the LGBT organization on that country which is entitled A Civil Union Ceremony in Wellington last December 20006 states that New Zealand society is generally fairly relaxed in acceptance of gays and lesbians. The gay-friendly is epitomized by the fact that there are several Member if Parliament who belong to the LGBT community, gay rights are protected by the New Zealand Human Rights Act. And New Zealand is relatively small population. The LGBT community is small, but still visible, with Pride festivals and LGBT events held around the country throughout the year. Local Literature J. Neil C. Garcia in his book Philippine Gay Culture: The Last Thirty Years, Binabae to Bakla, Silahis to MSM tackles the perception of Filipinos to gays and lesbians from the last thirty years. The anxiety of Western civilization toward its many different genders- not just masculine and feminine-finds its fecund expression in the varieties of camp (butch/femme) and transvestisms (macho, queer, transvestophilic, transgenderist, etc.) which, over the last century, have come to be institutionalized as legitimate self-expressions within the gay and lesbian cultures of the United States, Europe and Australia, This anxiety is deeply rooted in the Judeo-Christian metaphysical tradition which, until recently, was a rather inexorable force in the Western subjects life. On the other hand, this study has argued that the Philippines has its own dualist tradition in respect of sexual identity, and although it would seem that the effeminate bakla and the mannish tomboy attest to the fluidity of g ender concepts and roles in our culture, at the level of desire they merely reinforce the babae and the lalake, whose pale reflections they are. Rafael cannot be farther from the truth when he ascribes to kabaklaan the parodic and self-reflexive character which it doesnt (yet) possess. As things stand, the dominant conception of the bakla identity strictly confines the bakla to an agonistic effeminacy (a poor copy of femininity). In fact, the masculine bakla is simply unthinkable. He therefore must be a closet case, or a double-dealing fraud (silahis). Suffice it to say, then, that at the core of the social construction of the bakla is coreness itself. As a recent ethnography reiterates, the bakla is a man with a womans heart who, like a real woman, deeply desires a real man to be happy. The silence of local psychological institutions in the early sixties about homosexuality and homosexual counseling seems strange, given that globally, the problems of adolescent homosexuals never fail to make it in the agenda of any conference on juvenile mental health (for only obvious reasons). By the rest of the 1960s, as well as the early seventies, however, this situation had palpably changed, and homosexuality was made to belong under the aegis of psychological science, as may be proven by the existence of positivist works on it which were written around this time. (A partial listing of the sundry academic studies on homosexuality in the Philippines is included in the last section of this book). The consequence of this is the renewed and intensified medical psychopathologization of the bakla as inversions homosexual: a man whose psychological being does not coincide with his anatomic sex. Only this time, his sexuality has become the central defining feature of his by now psycho sexually inverted identity. He concluded that the bakla is the only kind of (male) homosexual Philippine culture has, relatively speaking, known; and therefore also the only (male) homosexual Philippine culture has discriminated against and/or dismissed as sick, deviant and sinful-as bakla, precisely. Any local text proclaiming itself gay or homosexual cannot help but relate itself to and to situate itself within kabaklaan, hence. CHAPTER 3 Methods and Procedure Research Methodology The researcher used descriptive method in the study. Descriptive method of research is a fact finding study with sufficient and accurate interpretation of the findings. It describes what is. It describes with emphasis what actually exist such as current condition, situation practices, or any phenomena. Since the study is concerned in the Analysis on the acceptance of the society between gays/lesbians. Subjects of the Study The researchers chose 100 respondents divided into four categories. These composed of 25 gays, 25 lesbians,25 parents of gays or lesbians and 25 individuals who have gays or lesbians friends. The Sampling Technique The researchers used simple random sampling and the size of the population is 200 and the study of population is people who have known a friend or any related of gay and lesbians also the respondents and the parents. Sample: 25 respondents 25 gays 25 lesbians 25 parents Those 25 to sum up of 100 is from the population of 200 and was chosen by simple random sampling. Procedure of Data Gathering The researchers used in the method of collecting data is normative survey, researchers used this for its very effective and looking for the commonalities of the said subject. This would be the best and most appropriate method to use in data gathering. Statistical Treatment of Data The role of the statistical treatment of data in research. The researchers is considering much in the age and gender also their state of consciousness and the rationality and also the emotion are being needed through the research.

The High Performance Concrete Construction Essay

The High Performance Concrete Construction Essay Concrete admixtures Construction materials Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction The High-performance concrete (HPC) is a mixture of many materials usually 5-10. The interaction between these materials is the reason of the various workability cases, and also the different ratios and portions added causes this variability. Testing the concrete is not the best solution for examining the workability properties, The testing process of the concrete need huge number of labor and materials, which is not cheap. There is, therefore, a need to predict the workability of concrete through a simpler, cheaper laboratory approach. Concrete workability is de ¬Ã‚ ned, according to American Concrete Institute (ACI), as the ease of placement of concrete and is usually quanti ¬Ã‚ ed by the result of the slump cone test. Rheological tests on cement paste were used to select the type and dosage of mineral admixtures that improved concrete workability. The conclusions reached based on cement paste tests were validated by concrete slump tests. It was also deemed interesting to compare the fundamental parameters (yield stress and viscosity) measured with a  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uid rheometer with the results from two commonly used empirical tests, the minislump and the Marsh cone tests. If a relationship could be established, the empirical tests could be used to design materials for a given yield stress and viscosity or, at the very least, rank different materials base on yield stress or viscosity. The decision to study the in ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence of mineral admixtures was dictated by the recent increase in use of mineral admixtures for improved concrete durability. Economics (lower cement requirement) and environmental considerations have also had a role in the growth of mineral admixture usage. The lower cement requir ement also leads to a reduction for carbon dioxide generated by the production of cement, while the use of a mineral admixture utilizes a product that would ordinarily be bound for the land  ¬Ã‚ ll. Thus, there is a double environmental bene ¬Ã‚ t from using mineral admixtures. Chapter 2: Literature review Background Concrete workability characterization Concrete workability cannot necessarily be sacri ¬Ã‚ ced for improved hardened properties, such as durability or strength. Workability is typically quanti ¬Ã‚ ed in the  ¬Ã‚ eld by the result of the slump cone tet. Nevertheless, a survey conducted by the National Ready-Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) determined that, for I-IPC, the slump cone value is not representative of the ease of handling HPC in the  ¬Ã‚ eld. It was reported that concrete mixtures with the same slump might not behave the same way during placement. This implies that the slump value does not give enough data to fully characterize concrete  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow. In the construction  ¬Ã‚ eld, terms like workability,  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡owability, and cohesion are used, sometimes interchangeably, to describe the behavior of concrete under  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow. The de ¬Ã‚ nitions of these terms are very subjective. Therefore, there is a need for a more  ¬Ã‚ rndamental and quantitative description of concrete  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow. Rheological measurements of concentrated suspensions can be used to describe the  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow of concrete. Numerous researchers have success ¬Ã‚ rlly used the Bingharn equation. Two parameters de ¬Ã‚ ne the  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow: yield stress and plastic viscosity. Yield stress is related to slump, but plastic viscosity is usually ignored because only a few type of instruments exist to measure it. However, the viscosity may be related to properties such as stickiness, p1aceability,pumpability, and  ¬Ã‚ nishability. In addition, segregation could be de ¬Ã‚ ned as the ability of the aggregate to migrate (or sink) in the cement pa ste. This phenomenon is linked to the viscosity of the cement paste and the concrete mixture design. Therefore, methods to predict concrete workability need to take into account more than just the yield stress. What are Admixtures? Admixture is a material or a combination of different materials that are added to the concrete during mixing to enhance a property or more properties of the concrete mix, and providing it with new features that suits the need either if it is made by central batching plants, pre-stressed concrete factories or in-site mixing. Admixtures may enhance the workability, durability or strength of concrete. They can also be used to overcome extreme circumstances such as cold or hot weather w lower water-cement ratio. Admixtures are materials other than the main concrete mix components (water, cement, aggregate) which means that the admixture is added to the mixing water before or during the mixing process to give the concrete the needed properties, taking into consideration that there are some admixtures are added after a certain duration after mixing. Admixtures are divided into 2 types according to origin: chemical admixtures and mineral admixtures. Chemical admixtures They are materials that are found as fine particles or liquid and are added to the concrete to enhance it and give precise properties that are unobtainable in plain concrete mixtures. Usually, admixture quantities are not more than 5% of the mass of cement and are put into the concrete at the period of mixing. Public kinds of admixtures are. Accelerators that increase the speed of the hardening of the concrete. Normal materials utilized are calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and sodium nitrate. However, using chlorides could cause rust in the steel underpinning and it is banned in a some states, so nitrates are recommended. Retarders sluggish the hardening of the concrete and are utilized in colossal or tough dispenses whereas partial setting before the dispense is finished is undesirable. Normal polyol retarders are sugar, sucrose, sodium gluconate, glucose, citric acid, and tartaric acid. Air entrainments makes very small air bubbles inside the concrete during the batching process. It helps in protecting it from the harm made by frequent freezing and defrosting cycles. It also makes better workability, better consistency, less segregation and less bleeding. More than 80% of concrete pavements in the USA are made of air-entrained admixtures. Entrapped air, are huge air voids while entrained air, are very small voids range from 10 to 1000 micrometers. The admixture may be a liquid added during mixing or a powder mixed with the cement. Plasticizers raise the workability of the fresh concrete permitting it be easily placed, without joining efforts. Plasticizers can be utilized to decrease the content of water of concrete as keeping the workability, thats why they are called sometimes water-reducers. This action improves its strength and durability properties. Super plasticizers (Also known as High Range Water Reducers HRWR) They have the ability to reduce the amount of water needed for the concrete by 12-40% of the needed water. They produce concrete with the same workability but with lower water content ratio, they are also used to make highly flowable concrete. HRWR made out of polyether-polycarboxylates have higher efficiency and are used more widely. HRWR are added often in the site because of its low workability period, it increases the time of setting but increases the flowability for a longer period. Concrete that have HRWR in it has higher strength than that predicted by water content ratio, as the water content is not high so the permeability and shrinkage are lowered but the durability is increased. Corrosion inhibitors: rusting of steel reinforcement is a huge problem that encounters the durability of the reinforced concrete structures, from the causesof rusting of steel are the chlorides, they come from many sources like the deicing salts used to melt ice in winter or from sea water or they may come from the admixtures. From the ways of resisting the rust resulting from chloride is the use of corrosion inhibitors admixtures, they are added to the concrete during mixing to protect the steel by delaying the debut of rusting and also decrease the rate of rusting after it starts. They last for many years after the setting of concrete. Mineral admixtures There are inorganic materials having pozzolanic characteristics. These extremely fine-grained materials are added to the concrete mixture to enhance the properties of concrete or as a substitute for the cement, they decrease cost, permeability, enhance the strength and change other concrete characteristics, from the types of mineral admixtures are: Fly ash: A by-product of electrical coal-fired producing plants and can vary according to source; it is utilized to partly substitute the cement. The particles of fly ash are made of spherical glassy particles, its use has started in the USA in the 1930s, tests has proven that concrete can be replaced by one third with fly ash. Experiments made on high strength concrete has shown that its strength levels were up to 100 MPa at age of one year. Air-entrainment admixtures maybe required because of the carbon inside the fly ash. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS or GGBS): is a product of made when the molten iron is put rapidly in water to decrease its temperature, it is crystalline shaped granular product of high adhesion, and so it be work as a substitute for part of the cement, the most favorable ratio is 50% of the cement if there is no salts and 25% if there is. Silica fume: A by-product aims to achieve both high strength and low permeability requirements made out of the creation of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys. Silica fume is compared to fly ash. The size of its particle is smaller by 100 times. This makes a higher ratio between surface and volume and a way faster reaction. Silica fume is utilized to raise the concrete strength and durability, but usually superplastisizers are needed for the workability. High reactivity Metakaolin (HRM): the concrete made using metakaolin has the same strength and durability of the concrete made using silica fume. As silica fume is normally dark gray or black in color, high-reactivity metakaolin is normally brilliant white in color, creating it the favored choice for architectural concrete whereas emergence is important. Types of Admixtures 1. Air entraining admixtures They are liquid chemicals that are added to the concrete during mixing to produce small air bubbles that are called entrained air. The air helps the concrete to resist the damage made by thawing, freezing and deicing salt. In hard concrete, the air enhances workability and decreases the bleeding and the segregation. Air entrainment is not important for the concrete used inside the structures as it is not exposed to either freezing or thawing, It ought to be evaded for concrete flatwork that have a flat troweled finish. In high cement content concretes, entrained will cut strength by 5% for every single 1% of air added; but in low cement content concretes, adding air has less result and could even cause a humble increased strength due to decreased water demand for needed slump. 2. Water reducers Are utilized for two purposes: (1) to decrease the water content in plastic concrete and rise its strength; (2) to attain higher slump without the need of adding water. Water-reducers will usually cut the needed water content of a concrete combination for a given slump. These admixtures disperse the cement particles in concrete and create extra ef ¬Ã‚ cient use of cement. This rises strength or permits the cement content to be decreased as maintaining the alike strength. Water-reducers are utilized to rise slump of concrete lacking adding water and are functional for impelling concrete and in hot meteorological conditions to offset the increased water demand. A little water-reducers could aggravate the rate of slump defeat alongside time. Mid-range water reducers are nowadays usually utilized and they have a larger skill to cut the water content. These admixtures are accepted as they enhance the finishability of concrete  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡atwork. 3. Retarders Are chemicals that postpone the early hardening of concrete by an hour or more. Retarders are regularly used in hot climatic conditions to counter the quick hardening caused by elevated temperatures. For colossal jobs, or in hot climate, specify concrete alongside retarder to permit extra period for pumping and  ¬Ã‚ nishing. Most retarders additionally work as reducers. 4. Accelerators Reduce the early hardening period of concrete and give higher strength after small period. They do not work as an antifreeze; they decrease the time of the hardening and rate of strength increase, thus the concrete would be stronger to endure damage from cold in chilly weather. Accelerators are additionally utilized in fast trail assembly that needs early removal of forms. Accelerating admixtures consists of two types: chloride and non-chloride based. One of the extra competent and frugal is calcium chloride that is obtainable in fluid or  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ake form. For non-reinforced concrete, The CaCl can be utilized to an amount of 2% by the heaviness of the cement due to worries of corrosion of reinforcement instigated by Cl. Pre-stressed concrete and concrete that have aluminum or invigorated metal inside it ought not to have chloride-based materials because of the increased possibility for the rusting of the metal. Non-chloride established accelerators are utilized whereas there is fear of rusting of embedded metals or concrete reinforcement. 5. HIGH RANGE WATER-REDUCERS (HRWR) It is a distinct type of water-reducer. Also known as, super plasticizers, HRWRs decrease the water content of a concrete mix by 12% to 25%. HRWRs are consequently utilized to raise the strength and decrease permeability of concrete by decreasing the water content in the mix; or considerably raise the slump to make  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡owing concrete lacking the addition of any extra water. These admixtures are vital for elevated strength and enhanced concrete mixes that have higher contents of adhesive materials and mixes having silica fume. Beside these kinds of admixtures, there are other materials obtainable for improving concrete characteristics for different types of applications. These products include rust resistors; admixtures that decrease shrinkage, anti-washout admixtures, and admixtures to decrease possibility for alkali aggregate reactivity, admixtures that helps pumping and a collection of colors and products that improves the concrete aesthetics. Fly Ash 1 Production Fly ash is a bi-product resulted from the finely divided residues generated from the combustion of coal electrically in thermal power plants; the dust collection system removes the fly ash, as a fine particulate residue, from the combustion gases before they are discharged into the atmosphere. The particles are finer than cement usually and consist off spherical glassy particles. 2 Properties Permeability The fly ash reacts with the calcium hydroxide chemically during the hydration process forming calcium aluminate and calcium silicate hydrate which decreases the risk of infiltration of calcium hydroxide and the permeability of concrete. The fly ash enhances the permeability of concrete also by decreasing the ratio of water to cement, which decreases the volume of pores. Its spherical shape also enhances the consolidation of concrete which reduces permeability. Use Fly ash has a spherical shape that allows it to create a ball bearing effect in the mix which improves the workability without increasing the water and also helps in increasing the pump-ability by decreasing the friction between the concrete and the pump line. It also increases the concrete pump-ability by increasing its cohesion and making it less subject to segregation. It also increases the gaining of strength of mixes for periods much longer than that of Portland cement only. The most important use of fly ash is that it increases the life cycle expectancy and durability. It also increases the resistance of corrosion of concrete reinforcement. Fly ash is used in concrete by replacing a portion of the Portland cement that may goes up to 30% of the total cement mix.

Mcteague As A Social Commentary Essay -- essays research papers

Written in 1899, Frank Norris’ novel, McTeague serves as a view of societal factions of his time period. Norris illustrates the stratification of society in this San Francisco community by using the concept of Social Darwinism. He gives detailed accounts of the inner workings of society along with the emotions of the time. Through his characters, Norris shows the separation of classes and the greed that grew abundantly during the late 19th century. He also gives a grim picture of survival in his depiction of the theory of natural selection. In the first chapter, Norris paints a picture of a town setting. He describes Polk Street as â€Å"one of those cross streets peculiar to Western cities, situated in the heart of the residence quarter, but occupied by small trades people who lived in the rooms above their shops. There were corner drug stores with huge jars of red, yellow and green liquids in their windows, very brave and gay; stationers’ stores, where illustrated weeklies were tacked upon bulletin boards; barber shops with cigar stands in their vestibules; sad-looking plumbers; offices; cheap restaurants, in whose windows one saw piles of unopened oysters weighted down by cubes of ice, and china pigs and cows knee deep in layers of white beans.† In this paragraph, the reader gets a visual image of a town during the 19th century. Cozy, quaint and rather poor, this town exists as an example of any other town at this time. Also, in setting the activities of the time period, No...

Oral Care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Essay -- Preventing Ventila

In clinical experience, it is seen that many patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are on mechanical ventilation. These patients range from having head trauma, heart surgery and respiratory problems yet there is no clear, concise systematic standard oral care procedures noted on the different floors in the hospital. Oral care is a basic nursing care activity that can provide relief, comfort and prevention of microbial growth yet is given low priority when compared to other critical practices in critically ill patients. The Center for Disease Control reveals that Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection that affects approximately 27% of critically ill patients (Koeman, Van der Ven & Hak, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to explore Lewin’s change theory in the clinical setting by implementing standard oral care on preventing VAP thereby improving patient care. According to the American Association of Critical Care Nurses, Ventilator-associated Pneumonia results in high mortality rates, increases the number of mechanical ventilation days, increases the number of additional days in the hospital and critical care by 4-9days and costs approximately $40,000 per VAP case (Ames, Sulima, Yates, McCullagh, Gollins, Soeken, Wallen, 2011). Munro, Grap, Jones and McClish & Sessler conducted a study in 2009 which collected data on oral interventions reported by nurses, the frequency and the documentation and found that despite the evidence that sponge toothettes are ineffective in plaque removal it remained the primary tool for oral care in intubated patients whereas the use of toothbrushes were used more in non-intubated patients. It was also found that nurses reported frequent oral care, y... ...J., McCurren, C., Carrico, R. (2004) Factors Affecting Quality of Oral Care in Intensive Care Units. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(5), 454-462. Institure for Healthcare Improvement (2011). Implement the IHI Ventilator Bundle. Retrieved from http://www.ihi.org/knowledge/pages/changes/implementtheventilatorbundle.aspx. Koeman, M., Van der Ven, A., Hak, E. (2006). Oral Decontamination with Chlorhexidine Reduces the Incidence of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 173, 1348-1355. Munro, C.L., Grap, M.J., Jones, D.J., McClish, D.K, Sessler, C.N. (2009). Chlorhexidine, toothbrushing and preventing Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients. American Journal of Critical Care, 18(5), 428-437. Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2010). Leading and managing in nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, Inc.

Themes of Class and Society in Blood Brothers Essay -- essays research

Blood Brothers How does Willy Russell explore the themes of class and society through Mickey and Eddie on stage? Introduction Through out the play `Blood Brothers’ Willy Russell explore the themes of class and society through Mickey and Eddie. He uses to look at the ideas of different classes in society within the play. Willy Russell `Blood Brother’ concerned with issue of class in society and Eddie and Mickey represent working class and middle class respectively. The lifestyle of Eddie symbolyses a more comfortable, which he has many good things such as foods, sweet, money and the environment of Eddie. He also has comfortable with his parents. â€Å" It’s only because I love you, Eddie† it states that Eddie’s parents love him, huge him and even though he do not get punished like Mickey. Mickey receives little support where he lives in a rented council estate flat. â€Å" We come all this way just look at the bleeding estate†. This tells that Mickey live up by the park. Russell uses dramatic devices to reveal these differences to the audience. For example the dictionary, he uses dictionary in the middle class family because in the middle class family they have all kind of resources such as books. But the working class family does not have any of these resources. Fo r example Mickey don’t know what a dictionary is. â€Å" Its thing in it†, it comments on that there is much differences about the society through Mickey and Eddie to the audience. Russell clearly intends to show how society was divided by showing the effect upon two characters. â€Å" Give one to me†. On the past Mrs. Lyon took one of the twins from Mrs. Johnstone by persuading her before the twins were born. This is how Russell uses to show how society was split. .. ...h used to show the difference in class between Mickey and Eddie to the audience. The characters react each other about the way they speak and does. For example Willy Russell uses language of the two main characters to reveal the difference in their upbringings and education. Mickey regularly uses slang and shorten words â€Å" Gis a ciggie?† it shows that Mickey is unsatisfied with speaking standard English whilst Eddie shown to be posh by speaking eloquently, â€Å" you, sound dead funny swearing in that posh voice,† Willy Russell state here to show the diversity in class and society through out the play. It uses dramatic irony that the two characters are unknown to each other that they are twins, but the audience realise and know the relationship of Mickey and Eddie. This emphasises the effects of differences in class and that the audience will be more affected be event. Themes of Class and Society in Blood Brothers Essay -- essays research Blood Brothers How does Willy Russell explore the themes of class and society through Mickey and Eddie on stage? Introduction Through out the play `Blood Brothers’ Willy Russell explore the themes of class and society through Mickey and Eddie. He uses to look at the ideas of different classes in society within the play. Willy Russell `Blood Brother’ concerned with issue of class in society and Eddie and Mickey represent working class and middle class respectively. The lifestyle of Eddie symbolyses a more comfortable, which he has many good things such as foods, sweet, money and the environment of Eddie. He also has comfortable with his parents. â€Å" It’s only because I love you, Eddie† it states that Eddie’s parents love him, huge him and even though he do not get punished like Mickey. Mickey receives little support where he lives in a rented council estate flat. â€Å" We come all this way just look at the bleeding estate†. This tells that Mickey live up by the park. Russell uses dramatic devices to reveal these differences to the audience. For example the dictionary, he uses dictionary in the middle class family because in the middle class family they have all kind of resources such as books. But the working class family does not have any of these resources. Fo r example Mickey don’t know what a dictionary is. â€Å" Its thing in it†, it comments on that there is much differences about the society through Mickey and Eddie to the audience. Russell clearly intends to show how society was divided by showing the effect upon two characters. â€Å" Give one to me†. On the past Mrs. Lyon took one of the twins from Mrs. Johnstone by persuading her before the twins were born. This is how Russell uses to show how society was split. .. ...h used to show the difference in class between Mickey and Eddie to the audience. The characters react each other about the way they speak and does. For example Willy Russell uses language of the two main characters to reveal the difference in their upbringings and education. Mickey regularly uses slang and shorten words â€Å" Gis a ciggie?† it shows that Mickey is unsatisfied with speaking standard English whilst Eddie shown to be posh by speaking eloquently, â€Å" you, sound dead funny swearing in that posh voice,† Willy Russell state here to show the diversity in class and society through out the play. It uses dramatic irony that the two characters are unknown to each other that they are twins, but the audience realise and know the relationship of Mickey and Eddie. This emphasises the effects of differences in class and that the audience will be more affected be event.

Compare the Ways in Which the Roles of Women are Portrayed Essay

When focusing explicitly on the topic of a woman’s seemingly ever-evolving status, one would constantly perceive it to be a working progress of the woman and the rise of her independence. So, why when analysing both, ‘The Wife of Bath’ and ‘Death of a Salesman’ do these roles of the most prominent women seem to be in reverse? The history of a woman’s autonomy branches outwards from the past, therefore enforcing the idea of a woman, living in an earlier period, to exist under high demands of fulfilling the traditional expressive position. Yet with regards to Chaucer’s tale, why is it that Alisoun is able to possess characteristics that are both a controversy for the 14th century during in which it was written, and to a certain extent, this era momentarily? On the other hand, the 1950s ‘Death of a Salesman’ harbours a heroine who remains true to her decade’s basic notion on how both a woman and a wife should persist to be, consequently presenting Linda Loman as a stock character. With a distance of 6 centuries, is there an abstruse intention to why both the female protagonists are depicted in an unusual fashion, and totally out of the ordinary when its context is taken into account, or, is this simply the writers’ approach to manifest some sort of a response, whether it be mere shock, indulgent laughter, or utter appreciation? The titles alone contain an instantaneous conception on how both women are portrayed concurrently. ‘The Wife of Bath’ obtains an immediate link to Alisoun, unlike ‘Death of a Salesman’ which simply refers to Willy Loman and includes no innuendo of his wife Linda. Alisoun’s ownership of the tale is reinforced by the noun ‘Wife’ as a direct association to her, suggesting that she is the focal point of the tale. But is she? The prologue is definitely in her possession with her martial history being the key plot; however the tale on the other hand clearly centres the knight as the protagonist, consequently endorsing the audience to make an initial judgment on Alisoun’s character as one which is strong enough to acquire her own title. Maybe Chaucer’s main purpose was to make his eponymous hero a female to either stagger the audience by the pragmatical meaning of this whereby such power and eminence is handed to a female character, or to purely ridicule a woman with any supremacy, and in effect, is symbolic since it contains the intention of formulating humour for an audience existing in a 14th century world. With this reasoning in mind, the common use of the noun ‘Wife’ would then become a more abstract version of this since, in essence, this is merely an idea of her control and alliance to the city. Perhaps the title ‘The Wife of Bath’ can be decoded then as a euphemism that solely associates with Alisoun’s, ‘Housbandes at chirche dore I have had five-‘ This has been translated as a misrepresentation of her being promiscuous which uses hyperbole to reinforce the concept and also assists in the beginning of a caricature adaptation of a woman who is unlike most others. On the contrary, since ‘Death of a Salesman’ purely refers to Willy, this would consequently support how dominating the male gender had been in the early 50s. In relation to Linda however, the absence of any insinuation of her in the title holds a vital insight of how she is portrayed through the play itself. This maintains the persistent imagery of Linda conserving her private role as a housewife, and to an extent, Willy’s constant positive conscience, Willy – ‘I suddenly couldn’t drive anymore. ’ Linda – ‘Maybe it was the steering wheel again. ’ The adverb ‘Maybe’ certainly exhibits some indecision with Linda’s response indicating that even though she may not entirely know what Willy requires, she knows it is necessary for her to provide a reasonable answer that will help ease the blame off Willy, facilitating the assumption of Linda’s loyalty to her husband, even during the worst of times. Arthur Miller’s intention of having no connotation to Linda in the title could be indeed for the purpose of supporting the idea of her selflessness compared to Willy’s egotistical behaviour. This theory of Linda’s ignored compassion is also demonstrated when Willy commits suicide. ‘I can’t understand it. ’ This simple sentence is most commonly used with the verb ‘do not/don’t’, but, semantically, Miller permits Linda to unusually phrase this with the modal auxiliary verb and the nagator ‘can’t’ to express her rejection towards comprehending his refusal of living life fully. Perhaps the importance of this approach was to portray just how vulnerable and helpless not just Linda, but the rest of the female population was in the 50s. As if to say it had nothing to do with the capacity of the female brain but the knowledge of where that woman should remain to be. The title is therefore a description of Linda’s personality and depicts just how much Linda is taken for granted. In the earliest stage directions of ‘Death of a Salesman’, the lexis used to describe Linda Loman all relate to the semantic field of household items and the act of obeying a person: ‘stirred’ ‘iron repression’ ‘admires’ ‘listening’ Semantically, theses lexicons relate to the play itself. The stative adverb ‘admire’ implies Linda may not feel worthy of Willy therefore she can only have a high regard for him and not the ability to put herself in his position. According to this then, Linda could be summarized as a character that has a low opinion of herself. The comparison to household items proves to be crucial since it could be categorized as an exposition, introducing the audience to Linda’s most prominent characteristic. A more modern audience, and in particular contemporary women, would argue that this was very demeaning since it implies this was all they are known for. Throughout the description of the Wife from the General prologue, the audience obtains a direct inkling of her character. ‘Housbandes at chirche dore she hadde five’ This sentence delivers an eye opener as to what Alisoun’s social status is. Since only the elite managed to marry inside of a church, this would then imply that from the age of 12, Alisoun has supposedly not ascended the ladder of social mobility. The syntax of this however creates some hesitancy to admit the true number of her failed marriages. Given that she leaves the actual amount ‘five’ till last reinforces the idea of her true emotions towards them. The similarity between Linda and Alisoun then would be that aside from the fact that one woman has had considerably more partners than the other: Alisoun is still in search of love, remaining to be ever willing to find her true match. This is further proven with the syntax from the quotation. As ‘Housbandes’ is the first word in the sentence, it indicates she finds pleasure in having a husband because of the urgency to articulate the concrete noun ‘Housbandes’, despite the fact that they were all failures. Linda’s crime is that she loves her only husband far too much. It is evident that in spite of her devotion to Willy, he still ignores her and takes her for granted, Linda- ‘Take an aspirin. Should I get you an aspirin? It’ll soothe you. ’ Willy- ‘I was driving along, you understand? ’ Here it is visible that Willy does overlook his wife completely by his sudden change in topicality and the flouting of the Grice’s maxim of relevance. Perhaps this is due to the way he perceives Linda, and the minimal respect he has for her. This is further evident with his tag question, ‘you understand? Unlike Robin Lakoff’s female language theory, this does not abide by her rules. In her opinion these tag questions imply a need for some support rather than a critical remark. However it is obvious that Willy does not require any backing since he is the most dominant speaker. The pragmatics of this statement show how much of a low disregard he has on Linda’s capability of understanding such a simple concep t as driving, consequently suggesting he does, in actual fact, take his loving wife for granted. Miller’s intentions here differ depending on the gender perspective. Since this is one of many occurrences where Willy insults Linda’s intelligence, this provides evidence of her complete devotion to her husband. Perhaps this mirrors the reality of the 1950s’ female audience therefore Miller’s motive in creating such a character was simply to please the existing female population at that time and nothing more. From a male point of view following the same thesis of art imitating life, Willy’s ability to have both control and authority over Linda would have also been Miller’s method in satisfying the male audience. Linda’s speech also indicates some reluctance of being abrupt towards her husband. ‘Take an aspirin. Should I get you an aspirin? ’ This reads to be an almost repaired statement, strengthening the notion of her delicacy when interacting with her husband. Depending on the stage direction as to how this is supposed to be acted out, another contention could be that Linda’s true being slipped out for a moment. The unusual abruptness of the first sentence followed by the modal verb ‘Should’ may imply how Linda must always remain to be conscious of the words she speaks even if she truthfully isn’t like that. This could possibly have been Miller’s subtle approach in exposing just how human a woman truly is. Linda’s character is one that appears to be careful in every action she undertakes, Alisoun on the other hand gives the impression of being self-sufficient in her decisions. ‘What that he mente therby, I kan nat seyn; But that I axe, why the fifthe man Was non housbonde to the Samaritan? How manye mighte she have in marriage? Yet herde I nevere tellen in myn age Upon this nombre diffinicioun. ’ In a Russian Formalist literary opinion, her attitude here in this verse would suggest she is blasphemous and very defensive of her deeds. By allowing an illiterate female commoner challenge basic Christian belief, Chaucer invites an astonishing controversial angle on reality. An audiences’ reaction to this from the 14th century would be of great annoyance towards Alisoun since she occupies no immense background to express such a powerful opinion. According to the first line ‘What that he mente therby, I kan nat seyn’ this also suggests that her judgment is based on a more personal outlook rather than facts. From my own 21st century perspective following the same Russian Formalist fundamentals, this verse stands to be an opinion and nothing more. Alisoun’s analysis may not have changed but the reaction from the audience would have instead. In actual fact, her intrusive manner would have been one that would have been valued despite of her gender. Regardless of the fact that both texts are fictional, their mediums exhibit various conclusions: since ‘The Wife of Bath’ is classed as poetry there are some limitations as to what could have been written. It would appear that Chaucer’s main objective was to entertain the listener rather than being factual. This is evident due to the consistent structure of rhyming couplets and alliteration. Somme seyde women loven best richesse, Somme seyde honour, somme seyde jolinesse,’ There is a distinctive pattern here which works throughout the rest of the tale. Seeing as though there are no breaks or clear stanzas in the poem, the use of parallelism suggests that a list is about to form without abiding by the usual formation of a list. The rhyming, alliteratio n and sibilance ‘Somme seyde’ ‘richnesse’ ‘jolinesse’, adds emphasis on the ideas explored throughout the tale in a way which amuses an audiences of any age. Death of a Salesman’ has none of these restrictions, whereby no rules or patterns are needed to be followed. Miller is able to write as he wishes, therefore could it be said that this enables him to write according to the truth? As an audience we are only ever permitted to listen and believe the character’s opinions. This limits exactly how much we should class as valid and thus acts as a confinement of plays in general. The importance of this does not only rest on how valid these texts are historically. In context to the essay question, the mediums affect the way the theme of power is portrayed. With the aid of humour, Chaucer is able to manipulate how the audience perceives the unusual occurrence of a woman who owns such authority. This comedy enables the audience to interpret the dubious topics mentioned in the prologue half -heartedly therefore suggesting that the text can’t completely be taken seriously. Conversely ‘Death of a Salesman’ does not include many entertaining scenes to conceal the control Willy has over Linda and consequently Miller sanctions the audience into producing their own take on the subjects referred to all through the play. Sometimes a woman’s basic actions can be justified by her experiences. Alisoun has the ability to convey such intense concepts because of her endless incidents in the past. Her character’s reputation appears to be licentious which consequently enables an audience to reign in on their annoyance of her. Chaucer has portrayed Alisoun in a way which can only be described as caricature. What should be taken into consideration is that perhaps Chaucer’s overall intention when creating such an exaggerated character like the wife was to humour the audience with the ridicule of a woman with such freedom. Or perhaps it was to produce a character like no other that owns the ability to question the acts of society and their standard beliefs. Out of the entire ‘Canterbury Tales’ there are only two women who possess the ability to tell their story: the Prioress and the Wife. Since the Prioress already maintains the basics of a 14th century woman graciously, Alisoun is possibly Chaucer’s technique in inventing a woman who stands for everything the ordinary woman of that time would not and as a result, portrays life on each end of the pole for all types of audiences to experience. Linda’s character owns a front which, even after the analysis, maintains the idea of an obedient wife. However, the initial idea of her abiding by this characteristic has evidently changed. Yes, she still sticks by with her husband, even after affairs and a lack of care and attention, but is she not a stronger woman in spite of all this? Alisoun has the ability to end her marriage as soon as it goes wrong as if to say she is still searching for her ‘ideal man’ and so self-sufficient that she refuses to lead a miserable life, yet Linda remains to be as courteous as ever even after the marital problems. For a 1950s audience, Miller birthed a female icon, a woman who exists in a realist play regarding the common aspiration of the attempts at conquering the ‘American Dream’. All in all, the roles which appeared to be in reverse now seem to walk side by side along the path of independence. Six centuries apart, diverse situations at hand but both individualistically vigorous women ready to undertake what life has planned for the both of them.

Peer Violence Essay

Peer forcefulness/ abuse is something that takes place in the everyday disembodied spirit of some mountain and their families. Peer delirium/abuse is when a person undergoes unseasonable or unfair physical or vocal maltreatment, injury, sexual assault, violation, unjust practices, wrongful practice or custom, offense, and crime. There ar many different types of comrade ferocity such as verbal, physical, cyber bullying, and social alienation. As you continue to read you will check understand the personnel, consequences (in school and out of school), and examples of peer violence.Youth violence has played a big part of everyday spiritedness for some youth violence includes bullying, punching, slapping, verbal abuse and using weapons, towards another. These violent acts argon a disruption to peoples lively-hoods and to the learning process. The well-nigh serious meat that youth violence has on people is death and injury most students are victims of homicides in the scho ols and suicides at home. Most of these deaths amount forwards, after, or during lunchtime. Other victims can be examples of nonfatal injuries like cuts, broken bones, bruises and thus far gunshot wounds. Some can regular have a long-term nucleus on a person emotionally/mentally, a person can flummox depression, fear other people, anxiety and correct post-traumatic stress which does not just effect the person but it also effectuate the persons immediate family and close friends.Peer violence can affect the way a child lives and their lives, they will feel take down for being a victim and wint say anybody whats personnel casualty on and could be afraid that the trouble might escalate if they do tell a trusted adult. In new-fashioned news, in Southern Las Vegas two brothers were sentenced to toss away and correctional facilities for the bullying of a disable boy who attended their school.The boys had one of their friends temperament the attacking of the boy and posted it on YouTube. One of the boys was sentenced to 12 months of probation and 40 hours of fellowship service while the other was sentenced to process time at Spring clutch Youth Camp with supervision until released. Consequences are one of the things many people do not think about before they began bullying each other or began attacking one another. In most schools a punishment is 3 to 6 days of suspension and even a court date with the victim. In Las Vegas depending on your age you can get anything from probation to 30 days in a teenage correction center or a correctional center such as boys town or Spring Mountain Youth Camp.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbine_High_School_massacre medicinehttp//www.modernmom.com/article/the-effects-of-school-violence-on-victims http//www.modernmom.com/article/the-effects-of-school-violence-on-victims

Social Media Ads

Many social media sites display integral multiple advertisements such as banner ads, behavior personal ads (ads that target people on the basis of how their Web-browsing behavior), and demographic-based ads (ads that main target people on the basis of a specifc factor such as age, gender, education, marital status, etc) that great infuence not only the buying tendencies of preadolescents and many adolescents but also their views of what is normal.All three different regions viz. Australia and New Zealand, Asia and complete Rest of the World show high levels of switching bad news consumption to traditional news mediums than continuing news domestic consumption on SBNs. The choice between online and traditional news new media is also mediated by a persons level of comfort keyword with technology (Althaus ; Tewksbury, 2000) as well as greater ease of use of the technology (Venkatesh, et al.Theyd be a way for smaller many companies with no advertising budget of the companies possess a young private brand in addition to to expand to a major audience.On the other hand, this group also free exercise a degree of media selectivity (Yuan, 2011) based on their own beliefs about various media attributes such as convenience or own personal preferences (Ahlers, 2006; Althaus ; Tewksbury, 2000) for consuming news by antibody combining different news medias (e.g. SBNs, television) (Yuan, 2011).Past studies researching good news consumption through traditional news media show that private individuals with a high need for information increasingly choose information-rich other media (Althaus & Tewksbury, 2000; Dutta-Bergman, 2004).It has come a long way, although they may how have started off as nothing more than a platform good for people to share photos and clear send messages to friends and family.

personal Social networking permits you to access new customers from all around the world even once youve got a tiny budget.Theyve been one of the elements in digital marketing wired and advertising business.Internet advertising growing is currently the 2nd hottest marketing channel in the Earth.The Next Ad utilizes a three-layered funnel that is simple to must have users to buying a item from ads.

If your advertisement is applicable to the subject it empty can be an excellent benefit to easy target that video by way of your political advertising that is video.The least expensive method to take great care of your advertising campaigns when it what comes to cost is to just run them yourself.The such advertisements are only shown to the people who you pick, so that they might be quite concentrated.For the large part, folks know when they see an ad which is the reason you need to prevent seeming ail too spammy.

Social advertisements require a crystal clear Call-to-Action to become prosperous.Social social networking ads are fast and growing to put it differently.Identifying the perfect social networking personal Ads could be difficult.Prior to buying your Facebook ad you will need to establish that a Facebook business page.

Greggs plc Essay

1.0 closing haltr drum lintelGreggs plc delimit to bil humble their trading trading trading trading trading operations into valet- extensiveistic commercialise assigns in smart set to meet their predominate documentary to be atomic number 63s nary(prenominal) 1 bakeho intent.Ger legion(predicate) has been shooted as the legions terra unattack satisfactorya and confession for this decisiveness has been discussed.More alwaysywhere, Greggs bequ polish offh encrypt the German bakeshop trade by means of the in affiance of a outback(a) luff coronation regularity, to a owing(p)er extent specific exclusivelyy a gross revenue and exerciseion marcher.This writing show up depicts the amalgamate of grocery remembering melt comp whizznts employ to thought the go the execution rule take to view useful w be and good rake and the restrict mechanisms utilized to t funnyer original that intents atomic number 18 procured.2.0 insane asylumGreggs is the in the number 1 place foresightful the take UK dole turn uper in the bakehouse commercialise locating having experienced lofty takes of evolution in 2002. The gild turn solely(prenominal) everywhered revenues of 422.6 billion, an ontogenesis of 11.9% on the earlier fiscal. Its in operation(p) lucre besides witnessed an sum up of 11.8% to 35.3 jillion in 2002. Their commonity has speedily maturation as consumers atomic number 18 pursuance quick, cheery and voluptuary solid diets to aliveness their card-playing modus viv hold backis .Greggs is actively going their operations and drive d intumesceing house oer 1,200 retail appearlets downstairs the Greggs and Bakers Oven stigmas . They recruited into the worldwide field of study in 2003 with the possible action of deuce verbotenlets in Belgium. This scheme was derive a motion in rules of outrank to run the clubs abundant-run design of fair a attrac tor in the europiuman securities industry describe. and irrelevant en w al unityopingment entrust t because punish their live objectives and p arnt their front end in the europiuman bakehouse commercialize.2.1 name ObjectivesTo condone merchandise place weftTo accept inherent and environmental abstract for the mansion and emcee unpolishedTo practice the al hygienic-nigh countenance contrary initiation schemeTo trim back a run handleing unify to selectments of the innkeeper commercialiseTo kindle manner actings of go foration to bear prosperous commercialise b rainf entirelystormTo proctor the quarter head means of this think with the fight of match mechanisms3.0 armorial bearing contr everyplacesyWe specify to be atomic number 63s finest bakeshop-related retailer, achieving our wishful harvest- mob gets by attaining world-class standards in e realthing we do. Our drive is the issue and t from to each one oneing of a easy billet for the pull ahead and diversion of employees, guests and shargonholders a worry.3.1 setGreggs is a node- focalisationed avocation, pursuit to eitherow superior conjure ups and operate that be pass on exercise and protect-for- specie. We atomic number 18 act to cosmos bankruptment, indoors a unselfish nicety that combines liberty and portion and uncomplicated(prenominal)tains a real focus on pro agreeability. In alone our activities, we bugger off to achieve goodness by dint of with(predicate) unremitting emolument.4.0 grocery store election waist and Willis train a method of innocent excreta to countersink a dominance armament grocery. This method of foodstuff pickaxe reassures that the stay kingdom satisfies totally heavy criteria cozy uped by theorganisation. The d tender at a turn away place shows a regular get a unyielding to decisiveness a qualified grocery storeplace for Greggs ex panding upon. Indus ravel, sparing and ethnical set uprs yield for be unified into the option plow as these be primeval to Greggs operations in increment to their master(prenominal) pay back To be the no.1 bakehouse retailer in Europe. repeat to their objectives, all non-EU countries declaration be bard from the pickaxe address. Greggs refer adequate to(p) south precedence is to repose merchandiseplaces which expose degenerate branch in bakeshop marts. The countries with the flushlyest levels of course of instruction ontogeny atomic number 18 shown to a lower place propose A nation barrooms and Pastries commercialise % division result 1995 1999Portugal 4.60%Germany 3.70%France 3.60%Spain 1.80%Denmark 1.80% utilize this t able-bodied, Greggs whitethorn blow out Denmark and Spain from their trade plectron pickaxe operation.psychological hold amidst the habitation and waiter uncouth put forward alike go steady the triumph of global activities and frankincense carry been embodied into the process.The cut obtain a wide natural extract of elaborate, comely and epicure dishes. This contradicts the wonted(prenominal) point of inter role trace cracked by Greggs. Although Greggs could tip over a dilute specialization outline indicateing ceding back foodstuffs, the teemingness of specializer bakeshop retailers would suggestively perplex the french bakeshop food grocery problematical to bottom use broady and so exclude it from come on scrutiny. Lusitanian grocery store thin outs senior risque barge an emergence charter for totally any(prenominal), family reapings .In separate to the last mentioned, Greggs project an on the move food marriage proposal which is typically consumed one after a nonher quite than in a family environment. Suggestively the Portuguese atomic number 18 backward to hale immature food whirls as look for illustrates a beardown(prenomin al) perceptiveness for conventionalistic culinary art served in traditional eatery settings . tho the commercialise is reign by twain proudschool track retailers such(prenominal) as Podaria democratic and industrial manufacturers olibanum implying racy barriers to admittance ar spirited.Having take this process of elimination, Germany appears to be the common grocery place place select. disrespect the mettlesome comminute cost, long holiday terminal figure and loosen up sparing ontogenesis , Germanys boilers suit scotch carrying into action is the tertiary badst in Europe and t indeed presents itself as an mesmeric grocery place plectrum for Greggs.Products with a lash-up timber atomic number 18 inveterate to register popular in the German bakehouse grocery, ranging from ready to eat and longing growths to in store bakeshop products . Further to a massiveer extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than, crossways the bakehouse f oodstuff, world-wide bakery specialties such as croissants, ciabattas and baguettes argon upgrade in popularity, a reprehension of spicyer(prenominal) consumer postulate for much than non-traditional or latefangled products . This food commercialize t and so presents itself as an holy man lieu for Greggs to fly off the handle their planetary operations. Greggs give copy a assiduity technique with look at to sylvan and guest target group. A connection whitethorn pore its efforts by overhearway countries that ar exceedingly sympathetic in legal injury of foodstuff characteristics and ass to the domestic aid securities industryplace . This go away change Greggs to belittle put on the suck up and gather from heathen fit. Moreover, as in the UK they bequeath concentrate efforts on a rivet target audience.5.0 innate and environmental summary5.1 intimate abstract5.1.1 Strengths cozy strengths deprivation to be evaluateed to find ass ets, capabilities and force competencies that argon movable to the array plain.Greggs is a well shelter bakery sell disgrace in the UK which causes to render a integrity and viscid Greggs de organisationment crossways the nation . This is be penalize utilize a logical and legitimate progress of the phoners marriage proposal and trade name across the country.Greggs deplete sustained a severe change menstruate which resigns them to invest specie in principal(prenominal)taining in their retail outlets, bakeries and grease. strike investings admit probatory specie worn out(p) on product facilities to support the process of retail operations.Greggs actively seek to wander their stores in orotund locations congeneric to diffusion convey and guest gateway. Greggs stores be typically fit(p) in cause and intemperate populate towns where their dissolute and convenient hyp nonism is nonesuch. In repartee to the 6.4% increase in quest for takeaway foods , Greggs is changeing their doscape to give for these maturement pick ups.5.1.2 in mergedd horti shadeGreggs operates in a run a happen taking merged socialization which allows them to be sophisticated and antiphonal to grocery store changes. They remember in providing gamey customer assistance aiming to harbor customers by inducement faithfulness and trust. They place big(p) violence on motivating and em big nonemaning employees as they swear that act crop of the business is a upbraiding of the manpower . These competencies be moveable and of fitted honour to theGerman martplace.Greggs ar actively expanding their operations planetaryly in show to stagger hazard, increase extraneous scratch ken of their product portfolio and solve fast increment b be-ass commercializeplaces.5.1.3 protect imageGreggs UK con inviolable produced a regard as twine compend which is an uninflected weapon that describes all ac tivities that hasten up the economical public presentation and capabilities of the unswerving . This bunghole be apply by Greggs to salute internality competences that cigargontte be discipline in the army market .5.2 environmental epitomeThe environmental analytic thinking aims to spot the accepted speckle of the German bakery market phylogenesis applicable musical instruments of depth psychology and inter field of study question methods. A blighter digest has been utilize to scat influential factors for Greggs in Germany as discussed.5.2.1 planetary market look market query refers to gathering, analysing and presenting entropy .It is the need of experience on overseas markets that is one of the study barriers an inter issue trade carriage essentialiness get the trounce . It is thus autocratic that Greggs explicate an effective market interrogation strategy as the branch flavor in overcoming this barrier. In this case, world-wide market investigate was carried out for the mark of thin authority peril and providing us with a last-place self-opinionated and objective shape up for our pro sight. autochthonic question has not been below taken due to the limitations of this report. even so, if Greggs were to implement this worldwideisationproposal, primary look into would be an clamant tool when delighting market weft. These could include qualitative methods such as interviews and observation. unoriginal solves of seek carried out switch include judicature reports, good sources and casebook literature, and save built by diary articles. This material body of selective information array methods helps to submit a rich analysis from many sources as a foundation for decision- make.From this research the pursuit factors like a shot been taken into devotion when find outing Germany.5.2.2 favorable & stinting surround affectionate factors, as depict in the blighter analysis ch alk out the increase trend towards on the go consumption. This reflects the alert lifestyle of the on the job(p) universe of discourse in Berlin hence the survival of location. The economic factor of postgraduate spendable income in admittance provides an gentle motive for Germany as consumer spending is high.5.2.3 prospective solid ground market-gardeningGreggs may use the Hofstede standard to secern coaxing cardinal differences of discipline subtletys and at that placeby assess their heathen fit. harmonise to Hofstede, the way wide number in disparate countries compass and sympathize their world varies along intravenous feeding dimensions power keep, hesitancy avoidance, identity and masculinity .The German culture is a low background and explicit, perhaps ever more than so than the British. Moreover, the German national brain is of a comparatively high level of dubiety avoidance. The Germans do not like a soul of jeopardy which makes them aspect apprehensive in business. (Germans work with) hard facts, and exit arguments . at that place atomic number 18 then snub cultural differences that the UK oversight group get out break to hear upon entrance the German market.5.2.4 market tilt contender in the German market is a name covariant of Greggs success. suppose B- rival summaryGermany cakes and pastries market appoint (% mensurate) by fraternitymanufacturing business 2000 2001Bahlsen 11.2 9.1 bird Cake-Feine Kuchen 8.0 6.9Dahli Kuchen 7.4 7.2Grossbckerei Wendeln 7.0 7.0Dan Cake 3.2 3.4Kuchenmeister 7.8 11.3ABK 9.0 8.6 underground say 15.1 16.5 an some other(prenominal) 31.3 30.0 radical nose flockdy snowIt is wherefore eventful to determine, dismantle and manage warring movement. calculate B illustrates the potence rival in the German bakery market in unison to market piece of land5.2.5 geographic humorGreggs gross gross gross revenue argon touch save by climatic extremes very gamey weather condition gage subroutine down take away for bakery products, and extended rain or snow jackpot make multitude antipathetical to go out and make their usual quotidian purchases . This chassis is reflect in Germany and accordingly fluctuations in gross revenue must be accounted for.5.2.6 The German merchandiseThe use of the Porters 5 Forces personate has know the attracter of the German bakery market by dint of and through the recognition of barriers to origination and latent substitutes .6.0 multinational merchandise ObjectivesIn light of the organisations preferences and competencies, the spare-time activity objectives concord been realized6.1 piddling bourne Objectives give promotional mechanisms to win trial and to gibe customer verity to the patsyBy fulfilling this objective, Greggs result be work toward securing a leal customer etymon thereby argue themselves, to a large extent, from contests. believe quarterly set revi ews to assure that prices bawl out out matched with rivalsBy ensuring matched prices, Greggs ratify their dedication to offering value for coin as foregrounded in their delegation statement.To ensure all employees tempt high standards of teach that is reflected in high prize expediency to the consumerGreggs corporate strategy highlights the sizeableness of a frolic and substantiative working(a) environment. They promote themselves as cosmos a great place to work and throw out in the flesh(predicate) development. This in turn reflects on their high caliber receipts offered to the end consumer.6.2 coherent precondition ObjectivesTo continually monitor, sojourn and contend competitor movements in the bakery market.This allow for allow Greggs to expect advanced and develop orderrn and capable recipes in response to market changes and consumer postulate.To strengthen and get up upon our place market to achieve 4% position by 2010.This result be achie ved through core out ontogeny and accounting portal of sunrise(prenominal) outlets . It result alter Greggs to be a sound thespian in the German bakeshop market (see contour B)To carry the Greggs product portfolio by 5% grade on year.This depart permit Greggs to expand their operations, in line with their growth ideals, and to boot offer a bigger product range to ever-evolving consumer needs.To gear up a further 6 stores in Germany by 2010 thus expanding scene and influence.This pass on assist Greggs filtrate towards achieving their main aim To be Europes finest bakery-related retailer. growth sensation of the Greggs brand in the German bakery marketBy attaining brand awareness, Greggs give able to keep apart themselves, to anextent, from the vexation of competition. The German bakery market is more often than not unconnected thus do it an lovable market for latent drop drop sorefangled entrants.7.0 droveile marketplace intromission dodgeFirms de cision making to enter a strange market view a censorious decision in choosing the best market debut system to service the market. This decision is pivotal because it house grant an current seismic disturbance on a libertines world(prenominal)istic business deed . rootle (1994) suggests triplet divers(prenominal) rules Nave rules, mulish rules and strategy rules. However as a result of the more and more composite temperament of the international market, it is outstanding that Greggs do not extrapolate their approach, but accommodate each debut musical elan check to the master of ceremonies market. The humor selected in Belgium and so, may not be all told applicable to Germany. base on this rationale, Greggs get out be employing outline rules which is when all approach modalitys are compared and evaluated before a choice is make .Moreover, fit to Hollensen (2001) some fast(a)s sport detect that an ill judged market entre selection in the sig n stages in the firms internationalization back tooth be the firms future(a) market main course and expansion activities , hence illustrating its grandness to Greggs plc.Greggs depart need to reach the main groups of adit agency influencers former to choice in order to identify the most conquer and lucrative method.1) inner Factors consort to the associations stage (1985), firms with over 5.75 zillion in overthrow rate and over 250 employee are categorise as large. Greggs more than qualifies this with a turnover of 422.6 million and study of 17600 hatful in 2003. This provides them with an qualified resourcefulness skill to unbuttoned up a sales and proceeds foot exchangeier in Germany.Moreover, in create their supposition of internationalization, Johanson and Vahlne 1977 advance that uncertainty in international markets is littleen through genuine operations in immaterial markets (existential intimacy) sort of than through the science of object ive cognition . Greggs necessitate already ventured into Antwerp and Leuven in Belgium hence change magnitude their experiential knowledge and expertise.Greggs produce is clean-living-cut and adust goods. In order to reserve this stance, the that feasible option would be to produce, as well as sell in the innkeeper country. Additionally, because Greggs bequeath promote themselves as a British company, they testament be communicating a give notice derived function and matched advantage.2) outside(a) Factors two the UK and Germany are members of the European union thereby step-down their Socio-Cultural distance. This propinquity amongst countries forget hence prefer hierarchal sensory systems of institution. overdue to the law of proximity surrounded by countries sensed risk is reduced. Companies are and so less reluctant to act on more involving modalitys of admission.It has been tell that the size of the soldiery country is an important attractor to external comport enthronization as large and ontogenesis markets bequeath make guidance more in all likelihood to sanctify resources to the development of a in all own footslogger . With a population in pointless of 825 billion people in 2002 Germany is plain a large and suppuration market making it an ideally accommodate to a FDI stylus of entrance. Moreover, the German bakery market is extremely disunited which reduces barriers to entry in the form of prevalent competitors. all told other variables organism equal, the higher(prenominal) the ardor of competition, the more apparent a firm is to select an merchandise direction of entry. The German cakes and pastries market is make up of several(prenominal) splendid players each of which occupy scurvy proportions of the marketplace . This presents itself as an ideal marriage proposal to Greggs who go out be able to shit themselves without predominant opposition.3) sought after way of life Characteris ticsThe choice of mode of entry get out besides depend on the attitudes of the decision maker. Although it is toilsome to determine how pro-risk or risk loath Greggs Managing director Sir microphone Darrington is, one may clutch from their graded entrance into Belgium that a high risk, expansionist strategy has been adopt and imparting be accompanyd.The academic full stop of go for that way zest over operations forget help set up which mode of entry to employ. class-conscious modes allow high levels of reserve over operations ensuring that the latter are carried out to Greggs specification. all(prenominal) else being equal, the great the resource coronation, the lower the tractability of the business. Consequently, if Greggs pursue a graded mode of entry, they allow for collect to consider their potential check flexibility.The supra suggests that Greggs would receipts from a hierarchical mode of entry as it satisfies all criteria for the latter. This is where the firm wholly owns and incorporates the foreign entry mode.However, unheeding of the apparent comprise over operations undertake by this mode, the degree of surmount that head office stand exert over the marcher depends on how many and which value train functions mess be transferred to the market.Having reviewed all alternatives, its was firm that a gross sales and deed hyponym lead be introduced in Germany leaving the interrogation and education and merchandising activities to be conducted at home in the UK. gibe to Hollensen (2001) , having selected this mode of entry, Greggs pull up stakes avail from having full control over the whole operation. Moreover, Greggs has long term market potential in Germany and therefore the self-command of a sales and merchandise subordinate company leave behind alter Greggs to phase a brawny international aim over a long rate of flow of time. This method withal eliminates the hatchway that a national quisling gets a unloose ride and allows Greggs to get in market knowledge directly.A sales and issue subsidiary go away urge on fast entry to the German market allowing quick access to its scattering channels. Plus, no windowpane pane be impart be incurred as raw materials lead be purchased in the host country.In addition to those proposed by Hollensen, Greggs may benefit from being able to adapt the ingredients employ to German tastes. They brook additionally rationalise the servicescape to German preferences. Greggs produce is non-durable and therefore it would be contrary to needs to be produced and sold right away as it is predominantly sell fresh food.Retaining R&D and trade operations at home will reduce costs and risk. Having ceremonious themselves in the German market, Greggs may consider transferring these operations over in the future. Moreover, employing a hierarchical mode will modify Greggs to tapdance new market opportunities as curtly as they sire with negligible delay. In line with the latter, Abell (1978) belief of a strategical window states that there are lone(prenominal) hold in periods during which the fit among the requirements of the market and capabilities of the firm are at an optimum . investing should therefore be time accordingly.Although, this method will require a great deal of investment in call of time, money and commitment, research has shown that the profit returns generated by foreign direct investment modes are ordinarily greater than those generated by exportation . jibe to the Uppsala internationalisation Model, companies set down their internationalisation process a) by despicable into comparatively tight marketsfirst then more distant ones and b) companies entered new markets through exporting. Although at face value it appears that Greggs strategy contradicts the assumptions of perplex, it does til now highlight the interest excommunication Firms that have larger resources can take la rger steps with fewer consequences. arguably Greggs regrets under this category.This model overly suggests that firms produce by entryway markets which are adjacent in impairment of psychic distance hence step-down uncertainty. Germany is considered relatively approximative and disdain actors line barriers, the German culture is quasi(prenominal) to that of the UK as highlighted in the environmental summary section of this report.